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A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as an impairment of glucose tolerance, manifested by hyperglycemia, which occurs at any stage of pregnancy. GDM is more common in the third trimester of pregnancy and usually disappears after birth. It was hypothesized that the glycemic status of the mo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8346004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34360631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157866 |
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author | Cozma, Matei-Alexandru Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru Dobrică, Elena-Codruța Boroghină, Steluța Constanța Iancu, Mihaela Adela Crețoiu, Sanda Maria Simionescu, Anca Angela |
author_facet | Cozma, Matei-Alexandru Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru Dobrică, Elena-Codruța Boroghină, Steluța Constanța Iancu, Mihaela Adela Crețoiu, Sanda Maria Simionescu, Anca Angela |
author_sort | Cozma, Matei-Alexandru |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as an impairment of glucose tolerance, manifested by hyperglycemia, which occurs at any stage of pregnancy. GDM is more common in the third trimester of pregnancy and usually disappears after birth. It was hypothesized that the glycemic status of the mother can modulate liver development and growth early during the pregnancy. The simplest modality to monitor the evolution of GDM employs noninvasive techniques. In this category, routinely obstetrical ultrasound (OUS) examinations (simple or 2D/3D) can be employed for specific fetal measurements, such as fetal liver length (FLL) or volume (FLV). FLL and FLV may emerge as possible predictors of GDM as they positively relate to the maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test. The aim of this review is to offer insight into the relationship between GDM and fetal nutritional status. Risk factors for GDM and the short- and long-term outcomes of GDM pregnancies are also discussed, as well as the significance of different dietary patterns. Moreover, the review aims to fill one gap in the literature, investigating whether fetal liver growth can be used as a predictor of GDM evolution. To conclude, although studies pointed out a connection between fetal indices and GDM as useful tools in the early detection of GDM (before 23 weeks of gestation), additional research is needed to properly manage GDM and offspring health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8346004 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83460042021-08-07 A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? Cozma, Matei-Alexandru Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru Dobrică, Elena-Codruța Boroghină, Steluța Constanța Iancu, Mihaela Adela Crețoiu, Sanda Maria Simionescu, Anca Angela Int J Mol Sci Review Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as an impairment of glucose tolerance, manifested by hyperglycemia, which occurs at any stage of pregnancy. GDM is more common in the third trimester of pregnancy and usually disappears after birth. It was hypothesized that the glycemic status of the mother can modulate liver development and growth early during the pregnancy. The simplest modality to monitor the evolution of GDM employs noninvasive techniques. In this category, routinely obstetrical ultrasound (OUS) examinations (simple or 2D/3D) can be employed for specific fetal measurements, such as fetal liver length (FLL) or volume (FLV). FLL and FLV may emerge as possible predictors of GDM as they positively relate to the maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test. The aim of this review is to offer insight into the relationship between GDM and fetal nutritional status. Risk factors for GDM and the short- and long-term outcomes of GDM pregnancies are also discussed, as well as the significance of different dietary patterns. Moreover, the review aims to fill one gap in the literature, investigating whether fetal liver growth can be used as a predictor of GDM evolution. To conclude, although studies pointed out a connection between fetal indices and GDM as useful tools in the early detection of GDM (before 23 weeks of gestation), additional research is needed to properly manage GDM and offspring health. MDPI 2021-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8346004/ /pubmed/34360631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157866 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Cozma, Matei-Alexandru Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru Dobrică, Elena-Codruța Boroghină, Steluța Constanța Iancu, Mihaela Adela Crețoiu, Sanda Maria Simionescu, Anca Angela A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? |
title | A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? |
title_full | A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? |
title_fullStr | A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? |
title_full_unstemmed | A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? |
title_short | A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes? |
title_sort | glimpse at the size of the fetal liver—is it connected with the evolution of gestational diabetes? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8346004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34360631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157866 |
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