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Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches
A low-cost machine learning (ML) algorithm is proposed and discussed for spatial tracking of unknown, correlated signals in localized, ad-hoc wireless sensor networks. Each sensor is modeled as one neuron and a selected subset of these neurons are called to identify the spatial signal. The algorithm...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155175 |
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author | Alasti, Hadi |
author_facet | Alasti, Hadi |
author_sort | Alasti, Hadi |
collection | PubMed |
description | A low-cost machine learning (ML) algorithm is proposed and discussed for spatial tracking of unknown, correlated signals in localized, ad-hoc wireless sensor networks. Each sensor is modeled as one neuron and a selected subset of these neurons are called to identify the spatial signal. The algorithm is implemented in two phases of spatial modeling and spatial tracking. The spatial signal is modeled using its M iso-contour lines at levels [Formula: see text] and those sensors that their sensor observations are in [Formula: see text] margin of any of these levels report their sensor observations to the fusion center (FC) for spatial signal reconstruction. In spatial modeling phase, the number of these contour lines, their levels and a proper [Formula: see text] are identified. In this phase, the algorithm may either use adaptive-weight stochastic gradient or scaled stochastic gradient method to select a proper [Formula: see text]. Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with zero mean is assumed along with the sensor observations. To reduce the observation noise’s effect, each sensor applies moving average filter on its observation to drastically reduce the effect of noise. The modeling performance, the cost and the convergence of the algorithm are discussed based on extensive computer simulations and reasoning. The algorithm is proposed for climate and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the percentage of wireless sensors that initiate a communication attempt is assumed as cost. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed spatial tracking approach is low-cost and can model the spatial signal over time with the same performance as that of spatial modeling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8347045 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83470452021-08-08 Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches Alasti, Hadi Sensors (Basel) Article A low-cost machine learning (ML) algorithm is proposed and discussed for spatial tracking of unknown, correlated signals in localized, ad-hoc wireless sensor networks. Each sensor is modeled as one neuron and a selected subset of these neurons are called to identify the spatial signal. The algorithm is implemented in two phases of spatial modeling and spatial tracking. The spatial signal is modeled using its M iso-contour lines at levels [Formula: see text] and those sensors that their sensor observations are in [Formula: see text] margin of any of these levels report their sensor observations to the fusion center (FC) for spatial signal reconstruction. In spatial modeling phase, the number of these contour lines, their levels and a proper [Formula: see text] are identified. In this phase, the algorithm may either use adaptive-weight stochastic gradient or scaled stochastic gradient method to select a proper [Formula: see text]. Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with zero mean is assumed along with the sensor observations. To reduce the observation noise’s effect, each sensor applies moving average filter on its observation to drastically reduce the effect of noise. The modeling performance, the cost and the convergence of the algorithm are discussed based on extensive computer simulations and reasoning. The algorithm is proposed for climate and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the percentage of wireless sensors that initiate a communication attempt is assumed as cost. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed spatial tracking approach is low-cost and can model the spatial signal over time with the same performance as that of spatial modeling. MDPI 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8347045/ /pubmed/34372411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155175 Text en © 2021 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alasti, Hadi Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches |
title | Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches |
title_full | Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches |
title_fullStr | Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches |
title_full_unstemmed | Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches |
title_short | Communication-Efficient Tracking of Unknown, Spatially Correlated Signals in Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks: Two Machine Learning Approaches |
title_sort | communication-efficient tracking of unknown, spatially correlated signals in ad-hoc wireless sensor networks: two machine learning approaches |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155175 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT alastihadi communicationefficienttrackingofunknownspatiallycorrelatedsignalsinadhocwirelesssensornetworkstwomachinelearningapproaches |