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Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip
Driver drowsiness is a major cause of fatal accidents throughout the world. Recently, some studies have investigated steering wheel grip force-based alternative methods for detecting driver drowsiness. In this study, a driver drowsiness detection system was developed by investigating the electromyog...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347525/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155091 |
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author | Satti, Afraiz Tariq Kim, Jiyoun Yi, Eunsurk Cho, Hwi-young Cho, Sungbo |
author_facet | Satti, Afraiz Tariq Kim, Jiyoun Yi, Eunsurk Cho, Hwi-young Cho, Sungbo |
author_sort | Satti, Afraiz Tariq |
collection | PubMed |
description | Driver drowsiness is a major cause of fatal accidents throughout the world. Recently, some studies have investigated steering wheel grip force-based alternative methods for detecting driver drowsiness. In this study, a driver drowsiness detection system was developed by investigating the electromyography (EMG) signal of the muscles involved in steering wheel grip during driving. The EMG signal was measured from the forearm position of the driver during a one-hour interactive driving task. Additionally, the participant’s drowsiness level was also measured to investigate the relationship between muscle activity and driver’s drowsiness level. Frequency domain analysis was performed using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and spectrogram to assess the frequency response of the resultant signal. An EMG signal magnitude-based driver drowsiness detection and alertness algorithm is also proposed. The algorithm detects weak muscle activity by detecting the fall in EMG signal magnitude due to an increase in driver drowsiness. The previously presented microneedle electrode (MNE) was used to acquire the EMG signal and compared with the signal obtained using silver-silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) wet electrodes. The results indicated that during the driving task, participants’ drowsiness level increased while the activity of the muscles involved in steering wheel grip decreased concurrently over time. Frequency domain analysis showed that the frequency components shifted from the high to low-frequency spectrum during the one-hour driving task. The proposed algorithm showed good performance for the detection of low muscle activity in real time. MNE showed highly comparable results with dry Ag/AgCl electrodes, which confirm its use for EMG signal monitoring. The overall results indicate that the presented method has good potential to be used as a driver’s drowsiness detection and alertness system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8347525 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83475252021-08-08 Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip Satti, Afraiz Tariq Kim, Jiyoun Yi, Eunsurk Cho, Hwi-young Cho, Sungbo Sensors (Basel) Communication Driver drowsiness is a major cause of fatal accidents throughout the world. Recently, some studies have investigated steering wheel grip force-based alternative methods for detecting driver drowsiness. In this study, a driver drowsiness detection system was developed by investigating the electromyography (EMG) signal of the muscles involved in steering wheel grip during driving. The EMG signal was measured from the forearm position of the driver during a one-hour interactive driving task. Additionally, the participant’s drowsiness level was also measured to investigate the relationship between muscle activity and driver’s drowsiness level. Frequency domain analysis was performed using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and spectrogram to assess the frequency response of the resultant signal. An EMG signal magnitude-based driver drowsiness detection and alertness algorithm is also proposed. The algorithm detects weak muscle activity by detecting the fall in EMG signal magnitude due to an increase in driver drowsiness. The previously presented microneedle electrode (MNE) was used to acquire the EMG signal and compared with the signal obtained using silver-silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) wet electrodes. The results indicated that during the driving task, participants’ drowsiness level increased while the activity of the muscles involved in steering wheel grip decreased concurrently over time. Frequency domain analysis showed that the frequency components shifted from the high to low-frequency spectrum during the one-hour driving task. The proposed algorithm showed good performance for the detection of low muscle activity in real time. MNE showed highly comparable results with dry Ag/AgCl electrodes, which confirm its use for EMG signal monitoring. The overall results indicate that the presented method has good potential to be used as a driver’s drowsiness detection and alertness system. MDPI 2021-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8347525/ /pubmed/34372329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155091 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Satti, Afraiz Tariq Kim, Jiyoun Yi, Eunsurk Cho, Hwi-young Cho, Sungbo Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip |
title | Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip |
title_full | Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip |
title_fullStr | Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip |
title_full_unstemmed | Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip |
title_short | Microneedle Array Electrode-Based Wearable EMG System for Detection of Driver Drowsiness through Steering Wheel Grip |
title_sort | microneedle array electrode-based wearable emg system for detection of driver drowsiness through steering wheel grip |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8347525/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155091 |
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