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Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials
The aim of the study was to characterize and compare films made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nano-fibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in combination with chitosan and alginate in terms of applicability for potential food packaging applications. In total, 25 different formulations we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152523 |
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author | Lavrič, Gregor Oberlintner, Ana Filipova, Inese Novak, Uroš Likozar, Blaž Vrabič-Brodnjak, Urška |
author_facet | Lavrič, Gregor Oberlintner, Ana Filipova, Inese Novak, Uroš Likozar, Blaž Vrabič-Brodnjak, Urška |
author_sort | Lavrič, Gregor |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of the study was to characterize and compare films made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nano-fibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in combination with chitosan and alginate in terms of applicability for potential food packaging applications. In total, 25 different formulations were made and evaluated, and seven biopolymer films with the best mechanical performance (tensile strength, strain)—alginate, alginate with 5% CNC, chitosan, chitosan with 3% CNC, BNC with and without glycerol, and CNF with glycerol—were selected and investigated regarding morphology (SEM), density, contact angle, surface energy, water absorption, and oxygen and water barrier properties. Studies revealed that polysaccharide-based films with added CNC are the most suitable for packaging purposes, and better dispersing of nanocellulose in chitosan than in alginate was observed. Results showed an increase in hydrophobicity (increase of contact angle and reduced moisture absorption) of chitosan and alginate films with the addition of CNC, and chitosan with 3% CNC had the highest contact angle, 108 ± 2, and 15% lower moisture absorption compared to pure chitosan. Overall, the ability of nanocellulose additives to preserve the structure and function of chitosan and alginate materials in a humid environment was convincingly demonstrated. Barrier properties were improved by combining the biopolymers, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was reduced by 15–45% and oxygen permeability (OTR) up to 45% by adding nanocellulose compared to single biopolymer formulations. It was concluded that with a good oxygen barrier, a water barrier that is comparable to PLA, and good mechanical properties, biopolymer films would be a good alternative to conventional plastic packaging used for ready-to-eat foods with short storage time. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8348297 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83482972021-08-08 Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials Lavrič, Gregor Oberlintner, Ana Filipova, Inese Novak, Uroš Likozar, Blaž Vrabič-Brodnjak, Urška Polymers (Basel) Article The aim of the study was to characterize and compare films made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nano-fibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in combination with chitosan and alginate in terms of applicability for potential food packaging applications. In total, 25 different formulations were made and evaluated, and seven biopolymer films with the best mechanical performance (tensile strength, strain)—alginate, alginate with 5% CNC, chitosan, chitosan with 3% CNC, BNC with and without glycerol, and CNF with glycerol—were selected and investigated regarding morphology (SEM), density, contact angle, surface energy, water absorption, and oxygen and water barrier properties. Studies revealed that polysaccharide-based films with added CNC are the most suitable for packaging purposes, and better dispersing of nanocellulose in chitosan than in alginate was observed. Results showed an increase in hydrophobicity (increase of contact angle and reduced moisture absorption) of chitosan and alginate films with the addition of CNC, and chitosan with 3% CNC had the highest contact angle, 108 ± 2, and 15% lower moisture absorption compared to pure chitosan. Overall, the ability of nanocellulose additives to preserve the structure and function of chitosan and alginate materials in a humid environment was convincingly demonstrated. Barrier properties were improved by combining the biopolymers, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was reduced by 15–45% and oxygen permeability (OTR) up to 45% by adding nanocellulose compared to single biopolymer formulations. It was concluded that with a good oxygen barrier, a water barrier that is comparable to PLA, and good mechanical properties, biopolymer films would be a good alternative to conventional plastic packaging used for ready-to-eat foods with short storage time. MDPI 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8348297/ /pubmed/34372125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152523 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lavrič, Gregor Oberlintner, Ana Filipova, Inese Novak, Uroš Likozar, Blaž Vrabič-Brodnjak, Urška Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials |
title | Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials |
title_full | Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials |
title_fullStr | Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials |
title_full_unstemmed | Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials |
title_short | Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials |
title_sort | functional nanocellulose, alginate and chitosan nanocomposites designed as active film packaging materials |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152523 |
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