Ciprofloxacin-Releasing ROS-Sensitive Nanoparticles Composed of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) for Antibacterial Treatment

Since urinary tract infections (UTIs) are closely associated with oxidative stress, we developed ROS-sensitive nanoparticles for ciprofloxacin (CIP) delivery for inhibition of UTI. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)- selenocystamine (PLGA-selenocystamine) conjugates were attached to methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tetraacid (TA) (TA-PEG) conjugates to produce a copolymer (abbreviated as LGseseTAPEG). Selenocystamine linkages were introduced between PLGA and TA to endow reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity to nanoparticles. CIP-incorporated nanoparticles of LGseseTAPEG copolymer were fabricated by W/O/W/W emulsion method. CIP-incorporated nanoparticles responded to H(2)O(2) and then their morphologies were disintegrated by incubation with H(2)O(2). Furthermore, particle size distribution of nanoparticles was changed from mono-modal distribution pattern to multi-modal distribution pattern by addition of H(2)O(2). CIP release from nanoparticles of LGseseTAPEG copolymer was faster in the presence of H(2)O(2) than in the absence of it. In antibacterial study using Escherichia coli (E. coli), free CIP and free CIP plus empty nanoparticles showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect against growth of bacteria while CIP-incorporated nanoparticles have less antibacterial activity compared to free CIP. These results were due to that CIP-incorporated nanoparticles have sustained release properties. When free CIP or CIP-incorporated nanoparticles were introduced into dialysis membrane to mimic in vivo situation, CIP-incorporated nanoparticles showed superior antibacterial activity compared to free CIP. At cell viability assay, nanoparticles of LGseseTAPEG copolymer have no acute cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cells and CCD986sk human skin fibroblast cells. We suggest LGseseTAPEG nanoparticles are a promising candidate for CIP delivery.