Cargando…
Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease in which there is a persistent, abnormal increase in pulmonary artery pressure. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are nonspecific and mainly associated with progressive right ventricular failure. The diagnosis of PAH is a multiste...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34362015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153229 |
_version_ | 1783735339704123392 |
---|---|
author | Topyła-Putowska, Weronika Tomaszewski, Michał Wysokiński, Andrzej Tomaszewski, Andrzej |
author_facet | Topyła-Putowska, Weronika Tomaszewski, Michał Wysokiński, Andrzej Tomaszewski, Andrzej |
author_sort | Topyła-Putowska, Weronika |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease in which there is a persistent, abnormal increase in pulmonary artery pressure. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are nonspecific and mainly associated with progressive right ventricular failure. The diagnosis of PAH is a multistep process and often requires the skillful use of several tests. The gold standard for the diagnosis of PAH is hemodynamic testing. Echocardiography currently plays an important role in the diagnostic algorithm of PAH as it is minimally invasive and readily available. Moreover, many echocardiographic parameters are closely related to pulmonary hemodynamics. It allows assessment of the right heart′s structure and function, estimation of the pressure in the right ventricle, right atrium, and pulmonary trunk, and exclusion of other causes of elevated pulmonary bed pressure. Echocardiographic techniques are constantly evolving, and recently, measurements made using new techniques, especially 3D visualization, have become increasingly important. In echocardiographic assessment, it is crucial to know current guidelines and new reports that organize the methodology and allow standardization of the examination. This review aims to discuss the different echocardiographic techniques used to evaluate patients with PAH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8348437 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83484372021-08-08 Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations Topyła-Putowska, Weronika Tomaszewski, Michał Wysokiński, Andrzej Tomaszewski, Andrzej J Clin Med Review Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease in which there is a persistent, abnormal increase in pulmonary artery pressure. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are nonspecific and mainly associated with progressive right ventricular failure. The diagnosis of PAH is a multistep process and often requires the skillful use of several tests. The gold standard for the diagnosis of PAH is hemodynamic testing. Echocardiography currently plays an important role in the diagnostic algorithm of PAH as it is minimally invasive and readily available. Moreover, many echocardiographic parameters are closely related to pulmonary hemodynamics. It allows assessment of the right heart′s structure and function, estimation of the pressure in the right ventricle, right atrium, and pulmonary trunk, and exclusion of other causes of elevated pulmonary bed pressure. Echocardiographic techniques are constantly evolving, and recently, measurements made using new techniques, especially 3D visualization, have become increasingly important. In echocardiographic assessment, it is crucial to know current guidelines and new reports that organize the methodology and allow standardization of the examination. This review aims to discuss the different echocardiographic techniques used to evaluate patients with PAH. MDPI 2021-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8348437/ /pubmed/34362015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153229 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Topyła-Putowska, Weronika Tomaszewski, Michał Wysokiński, Andrzej Tomaszewski, Andrzej Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations |
title | Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations |
title_full | Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations |
title_fullStr | Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations |
title_full_unstemmed | Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations |
title_short | Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations |
title_sort | echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension: comprehensive evaluation and technical considerations |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34362015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153229 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT topyłaputowskaweronika echocardiographyinpulmonaryarterialhypertensioncomprehensiveevaluationandtechnicalconsiderations AT tomaszewskimichał echocardiographyinpulmonaryarterialhypertensioncomprehensiveevaluationandtechnicalconsiderations AT wysokinskiandrzej echocardiographyinpulmonaryarterialhypertensioncomprehensiveevaluationandtechnicalconsiderations AT tomaszewskiandrzej echocardiographyinpulmonaryarterialhypertensioncomprehensiveevaluationandtechnicalconsiderations |