Evaluation of Aloe elegans Mucilage as a Suspending Agent in Paracetamol Suspension

BACKGROUND: There are various natural excipients which have been used as suspending agents in pharmaceutical suspensions due to the presence of mucilage in their specialized cells and their capacity to form a colloidal gel in an aqueous medium. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suspending capacity of Aloe elegans mucilage in suspension formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aloe elegans mucilage (AEM) was evaluated as a suspending agent in comparison with xanthan gum (XG) in paracetamol suspensions at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% (w/v) concentrations. The resulting suspensions were evaluated for their sedimentation volume, apparent viscosity, flow rate, rate of redispersibility, pH, assay, and dissolution profile. RESULTS: The volume of sedimentation, apparent viscosity, and redispersibility rate of the formulations were significantly increased (p < 0.05), with the concentration of the suspending agents. Meanwhile, the apparent viscosity for all formulations has significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with an increase in shear rates. Volume of sedimentation, apparent viscosity, and redispersibility degree of the formulations prepared with AEM were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than XG-containing formulations at the same concentration. Nevertheless, the sedimentation volume of all formulations with AEM was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the suspension without any suspending agent. With regard to drug content and pH values, all formulations showed an acceptable result with the standards. All formulations showed a release of greater than 85% of drug content within 45 min. CONCLUSION: Aloe elegans mucilage could have a potential to be utilized as an alternative suspending agent in pharmaceutical suspensions.