Cargando…

Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) during underwater diving has been infrequently investigated because of environment limitations and technical challenges. This study aims to analyze HRV changes while diving at variable hyperoxia when using open circuit (OC) air diving apparatus or at consta...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lafère, Pierre, Lambrechts, Kate, Germonpré, Peter, Balestra, Ambre, Germonpré, Faye Lisa, Marroni, Alessandro, Cialoni, Danilo, Bosco, Gerardo, Balestra, Costantino
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381372
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.635132
_version_ 1783735688075673600
author Lafère, Pierre
Lambrechts, Kate
Germonpré, Peter
Balestra, Ambre
Germonpré, Faye Lisa
Marroni, Alessandro
Cialoni, Danilo
Bosco, Gerardo
Balestra, Costantino
author_facet Lafère, Pierre
Lambrechts, Kate
Germonpré, Peter
Balestra, Ambre
Germonpré, Faye Lisa
Marroni, Alessandro
Cialoni, Danilo
Bosco, Gerardo
Balestra, Costantino
author_sort Lafère, Pierre
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) during underwater diving has been infrequently investigated because of environment limitations and technical challenges. This study aims to analyze HRV changes while diving at variable hyperoxia when using open circuit (OC) air diving apparatus or at constant hyperoxia using a closed-circuit rebreather (CCR). We used HRV analysis in time and frequency domain adding nonlinear analysis which is more adapted to short-time analysis and less dependent on respiratory rate (Sinus respiratory arrhythmia). Materials and Methods: 18 males, 12 using OC (30 mfw for 20 min) and 6 using CCR (30 mfw for 40 min.). HRV was recorded using a polar recorder. Four samples of R-R intervals representing the dive were saved for HRV analysis. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences between successive RR intervals (rMSSD), and average RR intervals (RR) in time-domain; low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in frequency domain were investigated. Nonlinear analysis included fractal dimension (FrD). Results: SDNN and rMSSD were significantly increased during descent and at depth with OC, not with CCR. Mean RR interval was longer at depth with OC, but only during ascent and after the dive with CCR. HF power was higher than baseline during the descent both with OC and CCR and remained elevated at depth for OC. The LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than baseline for descent and at depth with both OC and CCR. After 30 min of recovery, the LF/HF ratio was higher than baseline with both OC and CCR. Nonlinear analysis detected differences at depth for OC and CCR. Discussion: Increased parasympathetic tone was present during diving. RR duration, SDNN; rMSSD, HF spectral power all increased during the dive above pre-dive levels. Conversely, HF power decreased (and the LF/HF increased) 30 min after the dive. Using FrD, a difference was detected between OC and CCR, which may be related to differences in partial pressure of oxygen breathed during the dive.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8350129
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-83501292021-08-10 Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure? Lafère, Pierre Lambrechts, Kate Germonpré, Peter Balestra, Ambre Germonpré, Faye Lisa Marroni, Alessandro Cialoni, Danilo Bosco, Gerardo Balestra, Costantino Front Physiol Physiology Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) during underwater diving has been infrequently investigated because of environment limitations and technical challenges. This study aims to analyze HRV changes while diving at variable hyperoxia when using open circuit (OC) air diving apparatus or at constant hyperoxia using a closed-circuit rebreather (CCR). We used HRV analysis in time and frequency domain adding nonlinear analysis which is more adapted to short-time analysis and less dependent on respiratory rate (Sinus respiratory arrhythmia). Materials and Methods: 18 males, 12 using OC (30 mfw for 20 min) and 6 using CCR (30 mfw for 40 min.). HRV was recorded using a polar recorder. Four samples of R-R intervals representing the dive were saved for HRV analysis. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences between successive RR intervals (rMSSD), and average RR intervals (RR) in time-domain; low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in frequency domain were investigated. Nonlinear analysis included fractal dimension (FrD). Results: SDNN and rMSSD were significantly increased during descent and at depth with OC, not with CCR. Mean RR interval was longer at depth with OC, but only during ascent and after the dive with CCR. HF power was higher than baseline during the descent both with OC and CCR and remained elevated at depth for OC. The LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than baseline for descent and at depth with both OC and CCR. After 30 min of recovery, the LF/HF ratio was higher than baseline with both OC and CCR. Nonlinear analysis detected differences at depth for OC and CCR. Discussion: Increased parasympathetic tone was present during diving. RR duration, SDNN; rMSSD, HF spectral power all increased during the dive above pre-dive levels. Conversely, HF power decreased (and the LF/HF increased) 30 min after the dive. Using FrD, a difference was detected between OC and CCR, which may be related to differences in partial pressure of oxygen breathed during the dive. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8350129/ /pubmed/34381372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.635132 Text en Copyright © 2021 Lafère, Lambrechts, Germonpré, Balestra, Germonpré, Marroni, Cialoni, Bosco and Balestra. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Lafère, Pierre
Lambrechts, Kate
Germonpré, Peter
Balestra, Ambre
Germonpré, Faye Lisa
Marroni, Alessandro
Cialoni, Danilo
Bosco, Gerardo
Balestra, Costantino
Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
title Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
title_full Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
title_fullStr Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
title_full_unstemmed Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
title_short Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
title_sort heart rate variability during a standard dive: a role for inspired oxygen pressure?
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381372
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.635132
work_keys_str_mv AT laferepierre heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT lambrechtskate heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT germonprepeter heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT balestraambre heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT germonprefayelisa heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT marronialessandro heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT cialonidanilo heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT boscogerardo heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure
AT balestracostantino heartratevariabilityduringastandarddivearoleforinspiredoxygenpressure