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Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap

Levosimendan is a distinctive inodilator combing calcium sensitization, phosphodiesterase inhibition and vasodilating properties through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels. It was first approved in Sweden in 2000 for the short-term treatment of acutely decompensated s...

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Autores principales: Conti, Nicolina, Gatti, Milo, Raschi, Emanuel, Diemberger, Igor, Potena, Luciano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350150/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34376973
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S295214
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author Conti, Nicolina
Gatti, Milo
Raschi, Emanuel
Diemberger, Igor
Potena, Luciano
author_facet Conti, Nicolina
Gatti, Milo
Raschi, Emanuel
Diemberger, Igor
Potena, Luciano
author_sort Conti, Nicolina
collection PubMed
description Levosimendan is a distinctive inodilator combing calcium sensitization, phosphodiesterase inhibition and vasodilating properties through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels. It was first approved in Sweden in 2000 for the short-term treatment of acutely decompensated severe chronic heart failure when conventional therapy is not sufficient, and in cases where inotropic support is considered appropriate. After more than 20 years, clinical applications have considerably expanded across critical care and emergency medicine, and levosimendan is now under investigation in different cardiac settings (eg, septic shock, pulmonary hypertension) and for non-cardiac applications (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This narrative review outlines key milestones in levosimendan history, by addressing regulatory issues, pharmacological peculiarities and clinical aspects (efficacy and safety) of a drug that did not receive great attention in the heart failure guidelines. A brief outlook to the ongoing clinical trials is also offered.
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spelling pubmed-83501502021-08-09 Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap Conti, Nicolina Gatti, Milo Raschi, Emanuel Diemberger, Igor Potena, Luciano Drug Des Devel Ther Review Levosimendan is a distinctive inodilator combing calcium sensitization, phosphodiesterase inhibition and vasodilating properties through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels. It was first approved in Sweden in 2000 for the short-term treatment of acutely decompensated severe chronic heart failure when conventional therapy is not sufficient, and in cases where inotropic support is considered appropriate. After more than 20 years, clinical applications have considerably expanded across critical care and emergency medicine, and levosimendan is now under investigation in different cardiac settings (eg, septic shock, pulmonary hypertension) and for non-cardiac applications (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This narrative review outlines key milestones in levosimendan history, by addressing regulatory issues, pharmacological peculiarities and clinical aspects (efficacy and safety) of a drug that did not receive great attention in the heart failure guidelines. A brief outlook to the ongoing clinical trials is also offered. Dove 2021-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8350150/ /pubmed/34376973 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S295214 Text en © 2021 Conti et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Review
Conti, Nicolina
Gatti, Milo
Raschi, Emanuel
Diemberger, Igor
Potena, Luciano
Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap
title Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap
title_full Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap
title_fullStr Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap
title_full_unstemmed Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap
title_short Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap
title_sort evidence and current use of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure: filling the gap
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350150/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34376973
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S295214
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