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The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered one of the most relevant diseases of swine. The condition is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), an extremely variable virus of the Arteriviridae family. Its heterogeneity can be responsible, at least partially, of the poor cross-protectio...

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Autores principales: Martínez-Lobo, Francisco Javier, Díez-Fuertes, Francisco, Simarro, Isabel, Castro, José M., Prieto, Cinta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.691145
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author Martínez-Lobo, Francisco Javier
Díez-Fuertes, Francisco
Simarro, Isabel
Castro, José M.
Prieto, Cinta
author_facet Martínez-Lobo, Francisco Javier
Díez-Fuertes, Francisco
Simarro, Isabel
Castro, José M.
Prieto, Cinta
author_sort Martínez-Lobo, Francisco Javier
collection PubMed
description Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered one of the most relevant diseases of swine. The condition is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), an extremely variable virus of the Arteriviridae family. Its heterogeneity can be responsible, at least partially, of the poor cross-protection observed between PRRSV isolates. Neutralizing antibodies (NAs), known to play a role in protection, usually poorly recognize heterologous PRRSV isolates, indicating that most NAs are strain-specific. However, some pigs develop broadly reactive NAs able to recognize a wide range of heterologous isolates. The aim of this study was to determine whether PRRSV isolates that induce broadly reactive NAs as determined in vitro are able to confer a better protection in vivo. For this purpose two in vivo experiments were performed. Initially, 40 pigs were immunized with a PRRSV-1 isolate known to induce broadly reactive NAs and 24 additional pigs were used as controls. On day 70 after immunization, the pigs were divided into eight groups composed by five immunized and three control pigs and exposed to one of the eight different heterologous PRRSV isolates used for the challenge. In the second experiment, the same experimental design was followed but the pigs were immunized with a PRRSV-1 isolate, which is known to generate mostly strain-specific NAs. Virological parameters, specifically viremia and the presence of challenge virus in tonsils, were used to determine protection. In the first experiment, sterilizing immunity was obtained in three groups, prevention of viremia was observed in two additional groups, although the challenge virus was detected occasionally in the tonsils of immunized pigs, and partial protection, understood as a reduction in the frequency of viremia compared with controls, was recorded in the remaining three groups. On the contrary, only partial protection was observed in all groups in the second experiment. The results obtained in this study confirm that PRRSV-1 isolates differ in their ability to induce cross-reactive NAs and, although other components of the immune response might have contributed to protection, pigs with cross-reactive NAs at the time of challenge exhibited better protection, indicating that broadly reactive NAs might play a role in protection against heterologous reinfections.
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spelling pubmed-83504772021-08-10 The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection Martínez-Lobo, Francisco Javier Díez-Fuertes, Francisco Simarro, Isabel Castro, José M. Prieto, Cinta Front Immunol Immunology Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered one of the most relevant diseases of swine. The condition is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), an extremely variable virus of the Arteriviridae family. Its heterogeneity can be responsible, at least partially, of the poor cross-protection observed between PRRSV isolates. Neutralizing antibodies (NAs), known to play a role in protection, usually poorly recognize heterologous PRRSV isolates, indicating that most NAs are strain-specific. However, some pigs develop broadly reactive NAs able to recognize a wide range of heterologous isolates. The aim of this study was to determine whether PRRSV isolates that induce broadly reactive NAs as determined in vitro are able to confer a better protection in vivo. For this purpose two in vivo experiments were performed. Initially, 40 pigs were immunized with a PRRSV-1 isolate known to induce broadly reactive NAs and 24 additional pigs were used as controls. On day 70 after immunization, the pigs were divided into eight groups composed by five immunized and three control pigs and exposed to one of the eight different heterologous PRRSV isolates used for the challenge. In the second experiment, the same experimental design was followed but the pigs were immunized with a PRRSV-1 isolate, which is known to generate mostly strain-specific NAs. Virological parameters, specifically viremia and the presence of challenge virus in tonsils, were used to determine protection. In the first experiment, sterilizing immunity was obtained in three groups, prevention of viremia was observed in two additional groups, although the challenge virus was detected occasionally in the tonsils of immunized pigs, and partial protection, understood as a reduction in the frequency of viremia compared with controls, was recorded in the remaining three groups. On the contrary, only partial protection was observed in all groups in the second experiment. The results obtained in this study confirm that PRRSV-1 isolates differ in their ability to induce cross-reactive NAs and, although other components of the immune response might have contributed to protection, pigs with cross-reactive NAs at the time of challenge exhibited better protection, indicating that broadly reactive NAs might play a role in protection against heterologous reinfections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8350477/ /pubmed/34381448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.691145 Text en Copyright © 2021 Martínez-Lobo, Díez-Fuertes, Simarro, Castro and Prieto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Martínez-Lobo, Francisco Javier
Díez-Fuertes, Francisco
Simarro, Isabel
Castro, José M.
Prieto, Cinta
The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection
title The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection
title_full The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection
title_fullStr The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection
title_full_unstemmed The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection
title_short The Ability of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates to Induce Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates With In Vivo Protection
title_sort ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies correlates with in vivo protection
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.691145
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