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Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)

Delayed autonomous selfing (DAS) provides reproductive assurance under conditions of pollinator and/or pollen-limitation. Few plant species have been investigated to determine if DAS is terminated when a flower is sufficiently pollinated by a pollen vector, thereby saving plant resources for other p...

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Autores principales: Xiao, Han-Wen, Huang, Yan-Bo, Chang, Yu-Hang, Chen, Yun, Abbott, Richard J., Wei, Yu-Kun, Ma, Yong-Peng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8351595/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381465
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.635310
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author Xiao, Han-Wen
Huang, Yan-Bo
Chang, Yu-Hang
Chen, Yun
Abbott, Richard J.
Wei, Yu-Kun
Ma, Yong-Peng
author_facet Xiao, Han-Wen
Huang, Yan-Bo
Chang, Yu-Hang
Chen, Yun
Abbott, Richard J.
Wei, Yu-Kun
Ma, Yong-Peng
author_sort Xiao, Han-Wen
collection PubMed
description Delayed autonomous selfing (DAS) provides reproductive assurance under conditions of pollinator and/or pollen-limitation. Few plant species have been investigated to determine if DAS is terminated when a flower is sufficiently pollinated by a pollen vector, thereby saving plant resources for other purposes. We examined this possibility in bumblebee-pollinated Salvia umbratica. We first showed that DAS resulting in high fruit set (100%) and seed set (>80%) per flower occurred in the absence of insect pollinators by means of style recurvature and was completed in 94% of flowers 72 h after they opened. In contrast, in flowers pollinated immediately after opening, DAS was prevented by corollas dropping away before styles recurve toward the upper thecae. We next showed that hand-pollination of flowers immediately after they opened resulted in high fruit set (100%) and seed set (>80%) when 5–10 pollen grains or more were deposited on their stigmas, whereas fruit set and seed set were reduced to 45.00 and 22.50%, respectively, when pollen loads were reduced to 1–3 pollen grains. Finally, we showed that on average single pollinator visits deposited 26 pollen grains on stigmas of flowers that had just opened, which is more than enough to ensure high fruit and seed set. Our results indicate that flower longevity is highly correlated with the pollinator environment and female fitness of S. umbratica, with extended flower longevity allowing DAS to occur being advantageous when pollinators are absent, while reduced floral longevity and prevention of DAS being favored when flowers are pollinated by pollinators. Thus, flower longevity in S. umbratica varies so as to optimize reproductive output and resource efforts, and is dependent on the availability and effectiveness of pollinators to pollinate flowers.
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spelling pubmed-83515952021-08-10 Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae) Xiao, Han-Wen Huang, Yan-Bo Chang, Yu-Hang Chen, Yun Abbott, Richard J. Wei, Yu-Kun Ma, Yong-Peng Front Plant Sci Plant Science Delayed autonomous selfing (DAS) provides reproductive assurance under conditions of pollinator and/or pollen-limitation. Few plant species have been investigated to determine if DAS is terminated when a flower is sufficiently pollinated by a pollen vector, thereby saving plant resources for other purposes. We examined this possibility in bumblebee-pollinated Salvia umbratica. We first showed that DAS resulting in high fruit set (100%) and seed set (>80%) per flower occurred in the absence of insect pollinators by means of style recurvature and was completed in 94% of flowers 72 h after they opened. In contrast, in flowers pollinated immediately after opening, DAS was prevented by corollas dropping away before styles recurve toward the upper thecae. We next showed that hand-pollination of flowers immediately after they opened resulted in high fruit set (100%) and seed set (>80%) when 5–10 pollen grains or more were deposited on their stigmas, whereas fruit set and seed set were reduced to 45.00 and 22.50%, respectively, when pollen loads were reduced to 1–3 pollen grains. Finally, we showed that on average single pollinator visits deposited 26 pollen grains on stigmas of flowers that had just opened, which is more than enough to ensure high fruit and seed set. Our results indicate that flower longevity is highly correlated with the pollinator environment and female fitness of S. umbratica, with extended flower longevity allowing DAS to occur being advantageous when pollinators are absent, while reduced floral longevity and prevention of DAS being favored when flowers are pollinated by pollinators. Thus, flower longevity in S. umbratica varies so as to optimize reproductive output and resource efforts, and is dependent on the availability and effectiveness of pollinators to pollinate flowers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8351595/ /pubmed/34381465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.635310 Text en Copyright © 2021 Xiao, Huang, Chang, Chen, Abbott, Wei and Ma. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Xiao, Han-Wen
Huang, Yan-Bo
Chang, Yu-Hang
Chen, Yun
Abbott, Richard J.
Wei, Yu-Kun
Ma, Yong-Peng
Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)
title Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)
title_full Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)
title_fullStr Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)
title_short Occurrence and Prevention of Delayed Autonomous Selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)
title_sort occurrence and prevention of delayed autonomous selfing in salvia umbratica (lamiaceae)
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8351595/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381465
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.635310
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