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Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer

Platelets have been hypothesized to promote certain neoplastic malignancies; however, antiplatelet drugs are still not part of routine pharmacological cancer prevention and treatment protocols. Paracrine interactions between platelets and cancer cells have been implicated in potentiating the dissemi...

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Autores principales: Tao, Derrick L., Tassi Yunga, Samuel, Williams, Craig D., McCarty, Owen J. T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society of Hematology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8351882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33940597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003977
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author Tao, Derrick L.
Tassi Yunga, Samuel
Williams, Craig D.
McCarty, Owen J. T.
author_facet Tao, Derrick L.
Tassi Yunga, Samuel
Williams, Craig D.
McCarty, Owen J. T.
author_sort Tao, Derrick L.
collection PubMed
description Platelets have been hypothesized to promote certain neoplastic malignancies; however, antiplatelet drugs are still not part of routine pharmacological cancer prevention and treatment protocols. Paracrine interactions between platelets and cancer cells have been implicated in potentiating the dissemination, survival within the circulation, and extravasation of cancer cells at distant sites of metastasis. Signals from platelets have also been suggested to confer epigenetic alterations, including upregulating oncoproteins in circulating tumor cells, and secretion of potent growth factors may play roles in promoting mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastatic outgrowth. Thrombocytosis remains a marker of poor prognosis in patients with solid tumors. Experimental data suggest that lowering of platelet count may reduce tumor growth and metastasis. On the basis of the mechanisms by which platelets could contribute to cancer growth and metastasis, it is conceivable that drugs reducing platelet count or platelet activation might attenuate cancer progression and improve outcomes. We will review select pharmacological approaches that inhibit platelets and may affect cancer development and propagation. We begin by presenting an overview of clinical cancer prevention and outcome studies with low-dose aspirin. We then review current nonclinical development of drugs targeted to platelet binding, activation, and count as potential mitigating agents in cancer.
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spelling pubmed-83518822021-08-18 Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer Tao, Derrick L. Tassi Yunga, Samuel Williams, Craig D. McCarty, Owen J. T. Blood Review Article Platelets have been hypothesized to promote certain neoplastic malignancies; however, antiplatelet drugs are still not part of routine pharmacological cancer prevention and treatment protocols. Paracrine interactions between platelets and cancer cells have been implicated in potentiating the dissemination, survival within the circulation, and extravasation of cancer cells at distant sites of metastasis. Signals from platelets have also been suggested to confer epigenetic alterations, including upregulating oncoproteins in circulating tumor cells, and secretion of potent growth factors may play roles in promoting mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastatic outgrowth. Thrombocytosis remains a marker of poor prognosis in patients with solid tumors. Experimental data suggest that lowering of platelet count may reduce tumor growth and metastasis. On the basis of the mechanisms by which platelets could contribute to cancer growth and metastasis, it is conceivable that drugs reducing platelet count or platelet activation might attenuate cancer progression and improve outcomes. We will review select pharmacological approaches that inhibit platelets and may affect cancer development and propagation. We begin by presenting an overview of clinical cancer prevention and outcome studies with low-dose aspirin. We then review current nonclinical development of drugs targeted to platelet binding, activation, and count as potential mitigating agents in cancer. American Society of Hematology 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8351882/ /pubmed/33940597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003977 Text en © 2021 by The American Society of Hematology This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted reuse and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgment of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.
spellingShingle Review Article
Tao, Derrick L.
Tassi Yunga, Samuel
Williams, Craig D.
McCarty, Owen J. T.
Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
title Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
title_full Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
title_fullStr Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
title_full_unstemmed Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
title_short Aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
title_sort aspirin and antiplatelet treatments in cancer
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8351882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33940597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003977
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