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Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten the physical and mental health of people across the world. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of this disease on adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) at 1 month after the start of the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03400-1 |
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author | Zhang, Hang Xu, Hanmei Huang, Lijuan Wang, Yanping Deng, Fang Wang, Xiaolan Tang, Xiaowei Wang, Wo Fu, Xia Tao, Yuanmei Yin, Li |
author_facet | Zhang, Hang Xu, Hanmei Huang, Lijuan Wang, Yanping Deng, Fang Wang, Xiaolan Tang, Xiaowei Wang, Wo Fu, Xia Tao, Yuanmei Yin, Li |
author_sort | Zhang, Hang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten the physical and mental health of people across the world. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of this disease on adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) at 1 month after the start of the outbreak in China. METHODS: Using the Children’s Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) questionnaire, we investigated the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two groups of adolescents: MDD patients who were in continuous antidepressant therapy and healthy controls. Total scores and factor subscores were compared between the two groups and subgroups stratified by sex and school grade. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with high total CRIES-13 scores. RESULTS: Compared to controls (n = 107), the MDD group (n = 90) had higher total CRIES-13 scores and a higher proportion with a total score ≥ 30. They also had a lower intrusion subscore and a higher arousal subscore. In the MDD group, males and females did not differ significantly in total CRIES-13 scores or factor subscores, but junior high school students had higher avoidance subscores than senior high school students. Logistic regression showed high total CRIES-13 scores to be associated with MDD and the experience of “flashbacks” or avoidance of traumatic memories associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 on adolescents with MDD in China, especially females and junior high school students. Long-term monitoring of adolescents with a history of mental illness is required to further understand these impacts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000033402, Registered 31 May 2020, SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-021-03400-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8352150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83521502021-08-10 Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey Zhang, Hang Xu, Hanmei Huang, Lijuan Wang, Yanping Deng, Fang Wang, Xiaolan Tang, Xiaowei Wang, Wo Fu, Xia Tao, Yuanmei Yin, Li BMC Psychiatry Research Article BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten the physical and mental health of people across the world. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of this disease on adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) at 1 month after the start of the outbreak in China. METHODS: Using the Children’s Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) questionnaire, we investigated the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two groups of adolescents: MDD patients who were in continuous antidepressant therapy and healthy controls. Total scores and factor subscores were compared between the two groups and subgroups stratified by sex and school grade. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with high total CRIES-13 scores. RESULTS: Compared to controls (n = 107), the MDD group (n = 90) had higher total CRIES-13 scores and a higher proportion with a total score ≥ 30. They also had a lower intrusion subscore and a higher arousal subscore. In the MDD group, males and females did not differ significantly in total CRIES-13 scores or factor subscores, but junior high school students had higher avoidance subscores than senior high school students. Logistic regression showed high total CRIES-13 scores to be associated with MDD and the experience of “flashbacks” or avoidance of traumatic memories associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 on adolescents with MDD in China, especially females and junior high school students. Long-term monitoring of adolescents with a history of mental illness is required to further understand these impacts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000033402, Registered 31 May 2020, SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-021-03400-1. BioMed Central 2021-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8352150/ /pubmed/34372807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03400-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Hang Xu, Hanmei Huang, Lijuan Wang, Yanping Deng, Fang Wang, Xiaolan Tang, Xiaowei Wang, Wo Fu, Xia Tao, Yuanmei Yin, Li Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey |
title | Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey |
title_full | Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey |
title_fullStr | Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey |
title_short | Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey |
title_sort | increased occurrence of ptsd symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the covid-19 outbreak in china: a cross-sectional survey |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34372807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03400-1 |
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