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Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru

Heavy metal contamination of soil and agricultural products is an environmental problem, has an adverse effect on the quality of food crops, and is a danger to food security and public health. The concentration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in surface soils and ed...

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Autores principales: Orellana Mendoza, Edith, Cuadrado, Walter, Yallico, Luz, Zárate, Rosa, Quispe-Melgar, Harold Rusbelth, Limaymanta, Cesar H., Sarapura, Vicky, Bao-Cóndor, Diana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8353470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34401355
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.016
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author Orellana Mendoza, Edith
Cuadrado, Walter
Yallico, Luz
Zárate, Rosa
Quispe-Melgar, Harold Rusbelth
Limaymanta, Cesar H.
Sarapura, Vicky
Bao-Cóndor, Diana
author_facet Orellana Mendoza, Edith
Cuadrado, Walter
Yallico, Luz
Zárate, Rosa
Quispe-Melgar, Harold Rusbelth
Limaymanta, Cesar H.
Sarapura, Vicky
Bao-Cóndor, Diana
author_sort Orellana Mendoza, Edith
collection PubMed
description Heavy metal contamination of soil and agricultural products is an environmental problem, has an adverse effect on the quality of food crops, and is a danger to food security and public health. The concentration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in surface soils and edible hypocotyls tissues of two ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca) was evaluated in three districts of the Junín province, Peru. In addition, the risk to human health due to exposure to heavy metals from maca consumption was evaluated. Soil samples and maca hypocotyls were collected in areas influenced by mining and metallurgical activity. The mean concentration of Cd (0.32 ± 0.23 mg/kg) and Pb (0.20 ± 0.12 mg/kg) in maca samples exceeded the values established by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The bioconcentration factor was less than 1. The estimated daily intake of each metal was below the oral reference dose. The hazard quotient and hazard index were less than 1, it is unlikely to cause non-cancer adverse health outcome. The cancer risk for As and Cd was higher than the tolerable limit (1 × 10(−6)) in children and adults. In the district of Ondores, the cancer risk for As in children was higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10(−4)). Residents of the Ondores district would be more exposed to As and Cd from consumption of maca hypocotyls. It is very important to carry out continuous monitoring of other toxic metals in different ecotypes of maca (red, black, yellow, purple, creamy white, pink) in order to evaluate the variation in the accumulation of heavy metals and the level of toxicity of each metal between ecotypes.
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spelling pubmed-83534702021-08-15 Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru Orellana Mendoza, Edith Cuadrado, Walter Yallico, Luz Zárate, Rosa Quispe-Melgar, Harold Rusbelth Limaymanta, Cesar H. Sarapura, Vicky Bao-Cóndor, Diana Toxicol Rep Regular Article Heavy metal contamination of soil and agricultural products is an environmental problem, has an adverse effect on the quality of food crops, and is a danger to food security and public health. The concentration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in surface soils and edible hypocotyls tissues of two ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca) was evaluated in three districts of the Junín province, Peru. In addition, the risk to human health due to exposure to heavy metals from maca consumption was evaluated. Soil samples and maca hypocotyls were collected in areas influenced by mining and metallurgical activity. The mean concentration of Cd (0.32 ± 0.23 mg/kg) and Pb (0.20 ± 0.12 mg/kg) in maca samples exceeded the values established by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The bioconcentration factor was less than 1. The estimated daily intake of each metal was below the oral reference dose. The hazard quotient and hazard index were less than 1, it is unlikely to cause non-cancer adverse health outcome. The cancer risk for As and Cd was higher than the tolerable limit (1 × 10(−6)) in children and adults. In the district of Ondores, the cancer risk for As in children was higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10(−4)). Residents of the Ondores district would be more exposed to As and Cd from consumption of maca hypocotyls. It is very important to carry out continuous monitoring of other toxic metals in different ecotypes of maca (red, black, yellow, purple, creamy white, pink) in order to evaluate the variation in the accumulation of heavy metals and the level of toxicity of each metal between ecotypes. Elsevier 2021-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8353470/ /pubmed/34401355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.016 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Regular Article
Orellana Mendoza, Edith
Cuadrado, Walter
Yallico, Luz
Zárate, Rosa
Quispe-Melgar, Harold Rusbelth
Limaymanta, Cesar H.
Sarapura, Vicky
Bao-Cóndor, Diana
Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru
title Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru
title_full Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru
title_fullStr Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru
title_full_unstemmed Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru
title_short Heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the Central region of Peru
title_sort heavy metals in soils and edible tissues of lepidium meyenii (maca) and health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in the central region of peru
topic Regular Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8353470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34401355
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.016
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