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Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking
Most humans can walk effortlessly across uniform terrain even when they do not pay much attention to it. However, most natural terrain is far from uniform, and we need visual information to maintain stable gait. Recent advances in mobile eye-tracking technology have made it possible to study, in nat...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34351396 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.8.11 |
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author | Kopiske, Karl Koska, Daniel Baumann, Thomas Maiwald, Christian Einhäuser, Wolfgang |
author_facet | Kopiske, Karl Koska, Daniel Baumann, Thomas Maiwald, Christian Einhäuser, Wolfgang |
author_sort | Kopiske, Karl |
collection | PubMed |
description | Most humans can walk effortlessly across uniform terrain even when they do not pay much attention to it. However, most natural terrain is far from uniform, and we need visual information to maintain stable gait. Recent advances in mobile eye-tracking technology have made it possible to study, in natural environments, how terrain affects gaze and thus the sampling of visual information. However, natural environments provide only limited experimental control, and some conditions cannot safely be tested. Typical laboratory setups, in contrast, are far from natural settings for walking. We used a setup consisting of a dual-belt treadmill, 240 [Formula: see text] projection screen, floor projection, three-dimensional optical motion tracking, and mobile eye tracking to investigate eye, head, and body movements during perturbed and unperturbed walking in a controlled yet naturalistic environment. In two experiments (N = 22 each), we simulated terrain difficulty by repeatedly inducing slipping through accelerating either of the two belts rapidly and unpredictably (Experiment 1) or sometimes following visual cues (Experiment 2). We quantified the distinct roles of eye and head movements for adjusting gaze on different time scales. While motor perturbations mainly influenced head movements, eye movements were primarily affected by the presence of visual cues. This was true both immediately following slips and—to a lesser extent—over the course of entire 5-min blocks. We find adapted gaze parameters already after the first perturbation in each block, with little transfer between blocks. In conclusion, gaze–gait interactions in experimentally perturbed yet naturalistic walking are adaptive, flexible, and effector specific. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8354071 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83540712021-08-24 Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking Kopiske, Karl Koska, Daniel Baumann, Thomas Maiwald, Christian Einhäuser, Wolfgang J Vis Article Most humans can walk effortlessly across uniform terrain even when they do not pay much attention to it. However, most natural terrain is far from uniform, and we need visual information to maintain stable gait. Recent advances in mobile eye-tracking technology have made it possible to study, in natural environments, how terrain affects gaze and thus the sampling of visual information. However, natural environments provide only limited experimental control, and some conditions cannot safely be tested. Typical laboratory setups, in contrast, are far from natural settings for walking. We used a setup consisting of a dual-belt treadmill, 240 [Formula: see text] projection screen, floor projection, three-dimensional optical motion tracking, and mobile eye tracking to investigate eye, head, and body movements during perturbed and unperturbed walking in a controlled yet naturalistic environment. In two experiments (N = 22 each), we simulated terrain difficulty by repeatedly inducing slipping through accelerating either of the two belts rapidly and unpredictably (Experiment 1) or sometimes following visual cues (Experiment 2). We quantified the distinct roles of eye and head movements for adjusting gaze on different time scales. While motor perturbations mainly influenced head movements, eye movements were primarily affected by the presence of visual cues. This was true both immediately following slips and—to a lesser extent—over the course of entire 5-min blocks. We find adapted gaze parameters already after the first perturbation in each block, with little transfer between blocks. In conclusion, gaze–gait interactions in experimentally perturbed yet naturalistic walking are adaptive, flexible, and effector specific. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8354071/ /pubmed/34351396 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.8.11 Text en Copyright 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Kopiske, Karl Koska, Daniel Baumann, Thomas Maiwald, Christian Einhäuser, Wolfgang Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
title | Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
title_full | Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
title_fullStr | Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
title_full_unstemmed | Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
title_short | Icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
title_sort | icy road ahead—rapid adjustments of gaze–gait interactions during perturbed naturalistic walking |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34351396 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.8.11 |
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