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Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis
Diabetes is a serious metabolic disease, and the kidney damage induced by diabetes also seriously affects the survival of patients. Apelin is a molecule that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, and recent studies have revealed that apelin-13, a subtype of apelin, plays an important role in reg...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
D.A. Spandidos
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34278446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.5008 |
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author | Gao, Zhuo Zhong, Xin Tan, Ying-Xia Liu, Dong |
author_facet | Gao, Zhuo Zhong, Xin Tan, Ying-Xia Liu, Dong |
author_sort | Gao, Zhuo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetes is a serious metabolic disease, and the kidney damage induced by diabetes also seriously affects the survival of patients. Apelin is a molecule that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, and recent studies have revealed that apelin-13, a subtype of apelin, plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. However, the role of apelin-13 in diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. In the present study, a rat model of diabetic nephropathy was constructed by the injection of streptozocin (STZ). During this process, these rats were injected with apelin-13. The blood glucose, urine protein and insulin levels were determined weekly. Next, the expression of angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated protein (APJ), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the kidney tissues was determined with western blotting. Then, the endothelial cells of glomerular vessels were cultured with high glucose medium. These cells were treated with apelin-13 for 24 h. Finally, cell viability of these cells and the expression of APJ, eNOS, E-cadherin and α-SMA in these cells were determined with western blotting. As a result, treatment of apelin-13 induced the lower levels of blood glucose and urine protein. In addition, application of apelin-13 promoted the production of insulin and alleviated the insulin resistance. Treatment with apelin-13 promoted the expression of APJ, eNOS and E-cadherin while it suppressed the expression of α-SMA in kidney tissues of rats and endothelial cells of glomerular vessels. Furthermore, application of apelin-13 also promoted the cell viability of these cells. In conclusion, apelin-13 relieved diabetic nephropathy by promoting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and alleviating the fibrosis of kidney tissues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8354312 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | D.A. Spandidos |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83543122021-08-24 Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis Gao, Zhuo Zhong, Xin Tan, Ying-Xia Liu, Dong Int J Mol Med Articles Diabetes is a serious metabolic disease, and the kidney damage induced by diabetes also seriously affects the survival of patients. Apelin is a molecule that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, and recent studies have revealed that apelin-13, a subtype of apelin, plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. However, the role of apelin-13 in diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. In the present study, a rat model of diabetic nephropathy was constructed by the injection of streptozocin (STZ). During this process, these rats were injected with apelin-13. The blood glucose, urine protein and insulin levels were determined weekly. Next, the expression of angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated protein (APJ), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the kidney tissues was determined with western blotting. Then, the endothelial cells of glomerular vessels were cultured with high glucose medium. These cells were treated with apelin-13 for 24 h. Finally, cell viability of these cells and the expression of APJ, eNOS, E-cadherin and α-SMA in these cells were determined with western blotting. As a result, treatment of apelin-13 induced the lower levels of blood glucose and urine protein. In addition, application of apelin-13 promoted the production of insulin and alleviated the insulin resistance. Treatment with apelin-13 promoted the expression of APJ, eNOS and E-cadherin while it suppressed the expression of α-SMA in kidney tissues of rats and endothelial cells of glomerular vessels. Furthermore, application of apelin-13 also promoted the cell viability of these cells. In conclusion, apelin-13 relieved diabetic nephropathy by promoting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and alleviating the fibrosis of kidney tissues. D.A. Spandidos 2021-09 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8354312/ /pubmed/34278446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.5008 Text en Copyright: © Gao et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Articles Gao, Zhuo Zhong, Xin Tan, Ying-Xia Liu, Dong Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
title | Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
title_full | Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
title_fullStr | Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
title_short | Apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
title_sort | apelin-13 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide production and suppressing kidney tissue fibrosis |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34278446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.5008 |
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