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Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin
In general, the electro-spinning of lignin requires it to be functionalised and/or blended with synthetic or natural polymers. This paper reports on the use of solvent fractionated lignin-lignin blend to electro-spin BioChoice softwood Kraft lignin. The blend consisted of acetone-soluble and ethanol...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8355243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34376725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95352-5 |
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author | Khan, Inam Hararak, Bongkot Fernando, Gerard F. |
author_facet | Khan, Inam Hararak, Bongkot Fernando, Gerard F. |
author_sort | Khan, Inam |
collection | PubMed |
description | In general, the electro-spinning of lignin requires it to be functionalised and/or blended with synthetic or natural polymers. This paper reports on the use of solvent fractionated lignin-lignin blend to electro-spin BioChoice softwood Kraft lignin. The blend consisted of acetone-soluble and ethanol-soluble lignin in a binary solvent of acetone and DMSO. Solvent fractionation was used to purify lignin where the ash content was reduced in the soluble lignin fractions from 1.24 to ~ 0.1%. The corresponding value after conventional acid-washing in sulphuric acid was 0.34%. A custom-made electro-spinning apparatus was used to produce the nano-fibres. Heat treatment procedures were developed for drying the electro-spun fibres prior to oxidation and carbonisation; this was done to prevent fibre fusion. The lignin fibres were oxidised at 250 °C, carbonised at 1000 °C, 1200 °C and 1500 °C. The cross-section of the fibres was circular and they were observed to be void-free. The longitudinal sections showed that the fibres were not fused. Thus, this procedure demonstrated that solvent fractionated lignin can be electro-spun without using plasticisers or polymer blends using common laboratory solvents and subsequently carbonised to produce carbon fibres with a circular cross-section. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8355243 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83552432021-08-11 Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin Khan, Inam Hararak, Bongkot Fernando, Gerard F. Sci Rep Article In general, the electro-spinning of lignin requires it to be functionalised and/or blended with synthetic or natural polymers. This paper reports on the use of solvent fractionated lignin-lignin blend to electro-spin BioChoice softwood Kraft lignin. The blend consisted of acetone-soluble and ethanol-soluble lignin in a binary solvent of acetone and DMSO. Solvent fractionation was used to purify lignin where the ash content was reduced in the soluble lignin fractions from 1.24 to ~ 0.1%. The corresponding value after conventional acid-washing in sulphuric acid was 0.34%. A custom-made electro-spinning apparatus was used to produce the nano-fibres. Heat treatment procedures were developed for drying the electro-spun fibres prior to oxidation and carbonisation; this was done to prevent fibre fusion. The lignin fibres were oxidised at 250 °C, carbonised at 1000 °C, 1200 °C and 1500 °C. The cross-section of the fibres was circular and they were observed to be void-free. The longitudinal sections showed that the fibres were not fused. Thus, this procedure demonstrated that solvent fractionated lignin can be electro-spun without using plasticisers or polymer blends using common laboratory solvents and subsequently carbonised to produce carbon fibres with a circular cross-section. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8355243/ /pubmed/34376725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95352-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Khan, Inam Hararak, Bongkot Fernando, Gerard F. Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin |
title | Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin |
title_full | Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin |
title_fullStr | Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin |
title_full_unstemmed | Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin |
title_short | Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin |
title_sort | improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood kraft lignin |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8355243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34376725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95352-5 |
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