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Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nicotine is an alkaloid found in many nutrients and tobacco that can cause infertility in men. Gallic acid is a powerful antioxidant that possesses antimutagenic and anticancer activities. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of gallic acid against ni...

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Autores principales: Jalili, Cyrus, Korani, Mastaneh, Pazhouhi, Mona, Ghanbari, Ali, Zhaleh, Mohsen, Davoudi, Samira, Rashidi, Iraj
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8356720/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447449
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.319579
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author Jalili, Cyrus
Korani, Mastaneh
Pazhouhi, Mona
Ghanbari, Ali
Zhaleh, Mohsen
Davoudi, Samira
Rashidi, Iraj
author_facet Jalili, Cyrus
Korani, Mastaneh
Pazhouhi, Mona
Ghanbari, Ali
Zhaleh, Mohsen
Davoudi, Samira
Rashidi, Iraj
author_sort Jalili, Cyrus
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nicotine is an alkaloid found in many nutrients and tobacco that can cause infertility in men. Gallic acid is a powerful antioxidant that possesses antimutagenic and anticancer activities. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of gallic acid against nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in male mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In this in vivo study, forty-eight mice were equally divided into eight groups intraperitoneally receiving normal saline (control), nicotine (0.6 mg/kg), gallic acid (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg), and gallic acid (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) plus nicotine. Nicotine was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days and gallic acid was administered concomitantly with nicotine and continued for 7 days later. Then, body and testicular weights, the sperm parameters (viability, number, motility, and morphology of sperm), and testicular histology were evaluated. Also, serum levels of nitric oxide, total antioxidant, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and testosterone were measured. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results showed that the administration of nicotine significantly reduced testis and body weight, sperm count, viability, normal morphology and motility, seminiferous tubules diameter, testosterone levels, serum levels of total antioxidants, and superoxide dismutase compared to the control group (P < 0.05). It also significantly increased the level of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). Increasing the dose of gallic acid along with nicotine significantly increased body weight, sperm count, viability, normal morphology and motility, the diameter of seminiferous, testosterone concentration, total antioxidant levels (P < 0.05). This combination also significantly decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels compared to the nicotine-receiving group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Gallic acid had a protective effect on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice. It can neutralize the harmful effect of nicotine on male fertility in smokers.
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spelling pubmed-83567202021-08-25 Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice Jalili, Cyrus Korani, Mastaneh Pazhouhi, Mona Ghanbari, Ali Zhaleh, Mohsen Davoudi, Samira Rashidi, Iraj Res Pharm Sci Original Article BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nicotine is an alkaloid found in many nutrients and tobacco that can cause infertility in men. Gallic acid is a powerful antioxidant that possesses antimutagenic and anticancer activities. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of gallic acid against nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in male mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In this in vivo study, forty-eight mice were equally divided into eight groups intraperitoneally receiving normal saline (control), nicotine (0.6 mg/kg), gallic acid (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg), and gallic acid (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) plus nicotine. Nicotine was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days and gallic acid was administered concomitantly with nicotine and continued for 7 days later. Then, body and testicular weights, the sperm parameters (viability, number, motility, and morphology of sperm), and testicular histology were evaluated. Also, serum levels of nitric oxide, total antioxidant, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and testosterone were measured. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results showed that the administration of nicotine significantly reduced testis and body weight, sperm count, viability, normal morphology and motility, seminiferous tubules diameter, testosterone levels, serum levels of total antioxidants, and superoxide dismutase compared to the control group (P < 0.05). It also significantly increased the level of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). Increasing the dose of gallic acid along with nicotine significantly increased body weight, sperm count, viability, normal morphology and motility, the diameter of seminiferous, testosterone concentration, total antioxidant levels (P < 0.05). This combination also significantly decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels compared to the nicotine-receiving group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Gallic acid had a protective effect on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice. It can neutralize the harmful effect of nicotine on male fertility in smokers. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8356720/ /pubmed/34447449 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.319579 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Jalili, Cyrus
Korani, Mastaneh
Pazhouhi, Mona
Ghanbari, Ali
Zhaleh, Mohsen
Davoudi, Samira
Rashidi, Iraj
Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
title Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
title_full Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
title_fullStr Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
title_full_unstemmed Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
title_short Protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
title_sort protective effect of gallic acid on nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in mice
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8356720/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447449
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.319579
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