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Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals...

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Autores principales: Doaré, Elise, Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève, Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie, Alegria, Guillermo Carvajal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8358393/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34394092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.699011
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author Doaré, Elise
Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève
Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie
Alegria, Guillermo Carvajal
author_facet Doaré, Elise
Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève
Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie
Alegria, Guillermo Carvajal
author_sort Doaré, Elise
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results. METHODOLOGY: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren’s patients and controls. The PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS: Two-hundred and eighty-nine studies were found, and 18 studies were included: 13 referred to the oral microbiota, 4 referred to the gut microbiota, and 1 referred to both anatomical sites. The most frequent controls were healthy volunteers and patients with sicca symptoms. The most common analysis method used was 16S-targeted metagenomics. The results were mostly heterogeneous, and the results regarding diversity were not always in accordance. Dysbiosis in pSS was not confirmed, and reduced salivary secretion seems to explain more microbial changes than the underlying disease. CONCLUSION: These heterogeneous results might be explained by the lack of a standardized methodology at each step of the process and highlight the need for guidelines. Our review provides evidence that sicca patients seem to be more relevant than healthy subjects as a control group.
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spelling pubmed-83583932021-08-13 Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review Doaré, Elise Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie Alegria, Guillermo Carvajal Front Immunol Immunology INTRODUCTION: It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results. METHODOLOGY: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren’s patients and controls. The PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS: Two-hundred and eighty-nine studies were found, and 18 studies were included: 13 referred to the oral microbiota, 4 referred to the gut microbiota, and 1 referred to both anatomical sites. The most frequent controls were healthy volunteers and patients with sicca symptoms. The most common analysis method used was 16S-targeted metagenomics. The results were mostly heterogeneous, and the results regarding diversity were not always in accordance. Dysbiosis in pSS was not confirmed, and reduced salivary secretion seems to explain more microbial changes than the underlying disease. CONCLUSION: These heterogeneous results might be explained by the lack of a standardized methodology at each step of the process and highlight the need for guidelines. Our review provides evidence that sicca patients seem to be more relevant than healthy subjects as a control group. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8358393/ /pubmed/34394092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.699011 Text en Copyright © 2021 Doaré, Héry-Arnaud, Devauchelle-Pensec and Alegria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Doaré, Elise
Héry-Arnaud, Geneviève
Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie
Alegria, Guillermo Carvajal
Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review
title Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review
title_full Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review
title_fullStr Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review
title_short Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Systematic Review
title_sort healthy patients are not the best controls for microbiome-based clinical studies: example of sjögren’s syndrome in a systematic review
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8358393/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34394092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.699011
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