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Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain
The ability to develop secondary (post-cytokinetic) plasmodesmata (PD) is an important evolutionary advantage that helps in creating symplastic domains within the plant body. Developmental regulation of secondary PD formation is not completely understood. In flowering plants, secondary PD occur excl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8358407/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34394148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.695415 |
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author | Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. Melnikova, Anna N. Demchenko, Kirill N. Ivanova, Alexandra N. Dmitrieva, Valeria A. Maksimova, Anastasiia I. Lohaus, Gertrud Tomos, A. Deri Tyutereva, Elena V. Koroleva, Olga A. |
author_facet | Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. Melnikova, Anna N. Demchenko, Kirill N. Ivanova, Alexandra N. Dmitrieva, Valeria A. Maksimova, Anastasiia I. Lohaus, Gertrud Tomos, A. Deri Tyutereva, Elena V. Koroleva, Olga A. |
author_sort | Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ability to develop secondary (post-cytokinetic) plasmodesmata (PD) is an important evolutionary advantage that helps in creating symplastic domains within the plant body. Developmental regulation of secondary PD formation is not completely understood. In flowering plants, secondary PD occur exclusively between cells from different lineages, e.g., at the L1/L2 interface within shoot apices, or between leaf epidermis (L1-derivative), and mesophyll (L2-derivative). However, the highest numbers of secondary PD occur in the minor veins of leaf between bundle sheath cells and phloem companion cells in a group of plant species designated “symplastic” phloem loaders, as opposed to “apoplastic” loaders. This poses a question of whether secondary PD formation is upregulated in general in symplastic loaders. Distribution of PD in leaves and in shoot apices of two symplastic phloem loaders, Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana, was compared with that in two apoplastic loaders, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Hordeum vulgare (barley), using immunolabeling of the PD-specific proteins and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Single-cell sampling was performed to correlate sugar allocation between leaf epidermis and mesophyll to PD abundance. Although the distribution of PD in the leaf lamina (except within the vascular tissues) and in the meristem layers was similar in all species examined, far fewer PD were found at the epidermis/epidermis and mesophyll/epidermis boundaries in apoplastic loaders compared to symplastic loaders. In the latter, the leaf epidermis accumulated sugar, suggesting sugar import from the mesophyll via PD. Thus, leaf epidermis and mesophyll might represent a single symplastic domain in Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8358407 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83584072021-08-13 Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. Melnikova, Anna N. Demchenko, Kirill N. Ivanova, Alexandra N. Dmitrieva, Valeria A. Maksimova, Anastasiia I. Lohaus, Gertrud Tomos, A. Deri Tyutereva, Elena V. Koroleva, Olga A. Front Plant Sci Plant Science The ability to develop secondary (post-cytokinetic) plasmodesmata (PD) is an important evolutionary advantage that helps in creating symplastic domains within the plant body. Developmental regulation of secondary PD formation is not completely understood. In flowering plants, secondary PD occur exclusively between cells from different lineages, e.g., at the L1/L2 interface within shoot apices, or between leaf epidermis (L1-derivative), and mesophyll (L2-derivative). However, the highest numbers of secondary PD occur in the minor veins of leaf between bundle sheath cells and phloem companion cells in a group of plant species designated “symplastic” phloem loaders, as opposed to “apoplastic” loaders. This poses a question of whether secondary PD formation is upregulated in general in symplastic loaders. Distribution of PD in leaves and in shoot apices of two symplastic phloem loaders, Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana, was compared with that in two apoplastic loaders, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Hordeum vulgare (barley), using immunolabeling of the PD-specific proteins and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Single-cell sampling was performed to correlate sugar allocation between leaf epidermis and mesophyll to PD abundance. Although the distribution of PD in the leaf lamina (except within the vascular tissues) and in the meristem layers was similar in all species examined, far fewer PD were found at the epidermis/epidermis and mesophyll/epidermis boundaries in apoplastic loaders compared to symplastic loaders. In the latter, the leaf epidermis accumulated sugar, suggesting sugar import from the mesophyll via PD. Thus, leaf epidermis and mesophyll might represent a single symplastic domain in Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8358407/ /pubmed/34394148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.695415 Text en Copyright © 2021 Voitsekhovskaja, Melnikova, Demchenko, Ivanova, Dmitrieva, Maksimova, Lohaus, Tomos, Tyutereva and Koroleva. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. Melnikova, Anna N. Demchenko, Kirill N. Ivanova, Alexandra N. Dmitrieva, Valeria A. Maksimova, Anastasiia I. Lohaus, Gertrud Tomos, A. Deri Tyutereva, Elena V. Koroleva, Olga A. Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain |
title | Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain |
title_full | Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain |
title_fullStr | Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain |
title_full_unstemmed | Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain |
title_short | Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain |
title_sort | leaf epidermis: the ambiguous symplastic domain |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8358407/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34394148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.695415 |
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