Predictors of Lipid Profile Abnormalities Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Lipid profile abnormalities are an integral part of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and major underlying causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lipid profile abnormalities in a patient with MetS are resulted due to the presence of central obesity and insulin resistance. In Ethiopia, the burden and predictors of lipid profile abnormalities in a patient with MetS are not well known. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of lipid profile abnormalities and predictors among patients with MetS in southwest Ethiopia. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 patients with MetS from September to December 2019 with a response rate of 100%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and behavioral factors. Waist circumference, height, weight, and blood pressures were measured. The venous blood sample was collected for glucose and lipid profile determination. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed. A p-value was set at a <0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: In this study, about 58% of participants were at least one or more lipid profile abnormalities with the 95% CI (52.8–62.7). About 67.2%, 44.6%,18.4%, and 14.2% of study participants were low HDL, high TG, LDL, and TC, respectively. Central obesity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.89, 95% CI: 1.14–3.14), increasing age (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.27–3.4), higher BMI (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23–3.4), being hypertensive (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.12–5.7) and increasing blood glucose level (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.36–4.03) were independent predictors of lipid profile abnormalities (dyslipidemia). CONCLUSION: In this study area, a high (58%) prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed in study participants, and increasing age, higher BMI, central obesity, hypertension, and high blood glucose level were identified as independent predictors of dyslipidemia among patients with MetS. Prevention and control of dyslipidemia and its predictors among patients with MetS were recommended.