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Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The number of new leprosy cases is declining globally, but the disability caused by leprosy remains an important disease burden. The chance of disability is increased by delayed case detection. This review focusses on the individual and community determinants of delayed leprosy case dete...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8360380/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34383768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009651 |
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author | Dharmawan, Yudhy Fuady, Ahmad Korfage, Ida Richardus, Jan Hendrik |
author_facet | Dharmawan, Yudhy Fuady, Ahmad Korfage, Ida Richardus, Jan Hendrik |
author_sort | Dharmawan, Yudhy |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The number of new leprosy cases is declining globally, but the disability caused by leprosy remains an important disease burden. The chance of disability is increased by delayed case detection. This review focusses on the individual and community determinants of delayed leprosy case detection. METHODS: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020189274). To identify determinants of delayed detection, data was collected from five electronic databases: Embase.com, Medline All Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the WHO Global Health Library. RESULTS: We included 27 papers from 4315 records assessed. They originated in twelve countries, had been published between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2021, and described the factors related to delayed leprosy case detection, the duration of the delayed case, and the percentage of Grade 2 Disability (G2D). The median delay in detection ranged from 12 to 36 months, the mean delay ranged from 11.5 to 64.1 months, and the percentage of G2D ranged from 5.6 to 43.2%. Health-service-seeking behavior was the most common factor associated with delayed detection. The most common individual factors were older age, being male, having a lower disease-symptom perception, having multibacillary leprosy, and lack of knowledge. The most common socioeconomic factors were living in a rural area, performing agricultural labor, and being unemployed. Stigma was the most common social and community factor. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed leprosy case detection is clearly correlated with increased disability and should therefore be a priority of leprosy programs. Interventions should focus on determinants of delayed case detection such as health-service-seeking behavior, and should consider relevant individual, socioeconomic, and community factors, including stigmatization. Further study is required of the health service-related factors contributing to delay. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8360380 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83603802021-08-13 Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review Dharmawan, Yudhy Fuady, Ahmad Korfage, Ida Richardus, Jan Hendrik PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: The number of new leprosy cases is declining globally, but the disability caused by leprosy remains an important disease burden. The chance of disability is increased by delayed case detection. This review focusses on the individual and community determinants of delayed leprosy case detection. METHODS: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020189274). To identify determinants of delayed detection, data was collected from five electronic databases: Embase.com, Medline All Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the WHO Global Health Library. RESULTS: We included 27 papers from 4315 records assessed. They originated in twelve countries, had been published between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2021, and described the factors related to delayed leprosy case detection, the duration of the delayed case, and the percentage of Grade 2 Disability (G2D). The median delay in detection ranged from 12 to 36 months, the mean delay ranged from 11.5 to 64.1 months, and the percentage of G2D ranged from 5.6 to 43.2%. Health-service-seeking behavior was the most common factor associated with delayed detection. The most common individual factors were older age, being male, having a lower disease-symptom perception, having multibacillary leprosy, and lack of knowledge. The most common socioeconomic factors were living in a rural area, performing agricultural labor, and being unemployed. Stigma was the most common social and community factor. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed leprosy case detection is clearly correlated with increased disability and should therefore be a priority of leprosy programs. Interventions should focus on determinants of delayed case detection such as health-service-seeking behavior, and should consider relevant individual, socioeconomic, and community factors, including stigmatization. Further study is required of the health service-related factors contributing to delay. Public Library of Science 2021-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8360380/ /pubmed/34383768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009651 Text en © 2021 Dharmawan et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dharmawan, Yudhy Fuady, Ahmad Korfage, Ida Richardus, Jan Hendrik Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review |
title | Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review |
title_full | Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review |
title_fullStr | Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed | Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review |
title_short | Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review |
title_sort | individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: a systematic review |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8360380/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34383768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009651 |
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