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In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation

Gaining an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of ultrasound (US)--generated bubbles is crucial to effectively remediate membrane fouling. The goal of present study is to conduct in-situ visualization of US-generated microbubbles in water to examine the influence of US frequen...

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Autores principales: Ehsani, Masoume, Zhu, Ning, Doan, Huu, Lohi, Ali, Abdelrasoul, Amira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8361323/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34388491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105697
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author Ehsani, Masoume
Zhu, Ning
Doan, Huu
Lohi, Ali
Abdelrasoul, Amira
author_facet Ehsani, Masoume
Zhu, Ning
Doan, Huu
Lohi, Ali
Abdelrasoul, Amira
author_sort Ehsani, Masoume
collection PubMed
description Gaining an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of ultrasound (US)--generated bubbles is crucial to effectively remediate membrane fouling. The goal of present study is to conduct in-situ visualization of US-generated microbubbles in water to examine the influence of US frequency on the dynamics of microbubbles. This study utilized synchrotron in-line phase contrast imaging (In-line PCI) available at the biomedical imaging and therapy (BMIT) beamlines at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) to enhance the contrast of liquid/air interfaces at different US frequencies of 20, 28 and 40 KHz at 60 Watts. A high-speed camera was used to capture 2,000 frames per second of the bubble cavitation generated in water under the ultrasound influence. Key parameters at the polychromatic beamlines were optimized to maximize the phase contrast of gas/liquid of the microbubbles with a minimum size of 5.5 µm. ImageJ software was used to analyze the bubble characteristics and their behavior under the US exposure including the microbubble number, size, and fraction of the total area occupied by the bubbles at each US frequency. Furthermore, the bubble characteristics over the US exposure time and at different distances from the transducer were studied. The qualitative and quantitative data analyses showed that the microbubble number or size did not change over time; however, it was observed that most bubbles were created at the middle of the frames and close to the US field. The number of bubbles created under the US exposure increased with the frequency from 20 kHz to 40 kHz (about 4.6 times). However, larger bubbles were generated at 20 kHz such that the average bubble radius at 20 kHz was about 6.8 times of that at 40 kHz. Microbubble movement/traveling through water was monitored, and it was observed that the bubble velocity increased as the frequency was increased from 20 kHz to 40 kHz. The small bubbles moved faster, and the majority of them traveled upward towards the US transducer location. The growth pattern (a correlation between the mean growth ratio and the exposure time) of bubbles at 20 kHz and 60 W was obtained by tracking the oscillation of 22 representative microbubbles over the 700 ms of imaging. The mean growth ratio model was also obtained.
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spelling pubmed-83613232021-08-17 In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation Ehsani, Masoume Zhu, Ning Doan, Huu Lohi, Ali Abdelrasoul, Amira Ultrason Sonochem Trends in Sonochemistry and Sonoprocessing in North America Gaining an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of ultrasound (US)--generated bubbles is crucial to effectively remediate membrane fouling. The goal of present study is to conduct in-situ visualization of US-generated microbubbles in water to examine the influence of US frequency on the dynamics of microbubbles. This study utilized synchrotron in-line phase contrast imaging (In-line PCI) available at the biomedical imaging and therapy (BMIT) beamlines at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) to enhance the contrast of liquid/air interfaces at different US frequencies of 20, 28 and 40 KHz at 60 Watts. A high-speed camera was used to capture 2,000 frames per second of the bubble cavitation generated in water under the ultrasound influence. Key parameters at the polychromatic beamlines were optimized to maximize the phase contrast of gas/liquid of the microbubbles with a minimum size of 5.5 µm. ImageJ software was used to analyze the bubble characteristics and their behavior under the US exposure including the microbubble number, size, and fraction of the total area occupied by the bubbles at each US frequency. Furthermore, the bubble characteristics over the US exposure time and at different distances from the transducer were studied. The qualitative and quantitative data analyses showed that the microbubble number or size did not change over time; however, it was observed that most bubbles were created at the middle of the frames and close to the US field. The number of bubbles created under the US exposure increased with the frequency from 20 kHz to 40 kHz (about 4.6 times). However, larger bubbles were generated at 20 kHz such that the average bubble radius at 20 kHz was about 6.8 times of that at 40 kHz. Microbubble movement/traveling through water was monitored, and it was observed that the bubble velocity increased as the frequency was increased from 20 kHz to 40 kHz. The small bubbles moved faster, and the majority of them traveled upward towards the US transducer location. The growth pattern (a correlation between the mean growth ratio and the exposure time) of bubbles at 20 kHz and 60 W was obtained by tracking the oscillation of 22 representative microbubbles over the 700 ms of imaging. The mean growth ratio model was also obtained. Elsevier 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8361323/ /pubmed/34388491 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105697 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Trends in Sonochemistry and Sonoprocessing in North America
Ehsani, Masoume
Zhu, Ning
Doan, Huu
Lohi, Ali
Abdelrasoul, Amira
In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
title In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
title_full In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
title_fullStr In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
title_full_unstemmed In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
title_short In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
title_sort in-situ synchrotron x-ray imaging of ultrasound (us)-generated bubbles: influence of us frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation
topic Trends in Sonochemistry and Sonoprocessing in North America
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8361323/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34388491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105697
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