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Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome
14q22q23 microdeletion syndrome, also called Frias syndrome, is an extremely rare partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 characterized by the anomalies of the pituitary gland, eyes, and hand/foot. Intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism are other common manifestations. Haploinsuffi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362864/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34408948 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16395 |
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author | Kera, Jeslin Watal, Pankaj Ali, Syed A |
author_facet | Kera, Jeslin Watal, Pankaj Ali, Syed A |
author_sort | Kera, Jeslin |
collection | PubMed |
description | 14q22q23 microdeletion syndrome, also called Frias syndrome, is an extremely rare partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 characterized by the anomalies of the pituitary gland, eyes, and hand/foot. Intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism are other common manifestations. Haploinsufficiency of the genes bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) accounts for most of the phenotypic abnormalities seen in these patients. There are only a few cases reported with Frias syndrome in the literature, and there are multiple variations present, which are not well recognized due to different set of genes involved. This case report presents the case of a young child with a deletion in 14q22.2q23.1 region containing both BMP4 and OTX2 genes as well as sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) and sineoculis homeobox homolog 6 (SIX6) genes. The case report illustrates the wide phenotypic findings associated with these genes along with additional unique findings that previously have not been commonly reported. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8362864 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83628642021-08-17 Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome Kera, Jeslin Watal, Pankaj Ali, Syed A Cureus Neurology 14q22q23 microdeletion syndrome, also called Frias syndrome, is an extremely rare partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 characterized by the anomalies of the pituitary gland, eyes, and hand/foot. Intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism are other common manifestations. Haploinsufficiency of the genes bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) accounts for most of the phenotypic abnormalities seen in these patients. There are only a few cases reported with Frias syndrome in the literature, and there are multiple variations present, which are not well recognized due to different set of genes involved. This case report presents the case of a young child with a deletion in 14q22.2q23.1 region containing both BMP4 and OTX2 genes as well as sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) and sineoculis homeobox homolog 6 (SIX6) genes. The case report illustrates the wide phenotypic findings associated with these genes along with additional unique findings that previously have not been commonly reported. Cureus 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8362864/ /pubmed/34408948 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16395 Text en Copyright © 2021, Kera et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Kera, Jeslin Watal, Pankaj Ali, Syed A Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome |
title | Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome |
title_full | Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome |
title_fullStr | Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome |
title_short | Anophthalmia, Global Developmental Delay, and Severe Dysphagia in a Young Girl With 14q22q23 Microdeletion Syndrome |
title_sort | anophthalmia, global developmental delay, and severe dysphagia in a young girl with 14q22q23 microdeletion syndrome |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362864/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34408948 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16395 |
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