COVID-19 detection with traditional and deep features on cough acoustic signals

The COVID-19 epidemic, in which millions of people suffer, has affected the whole world in a short time. This virus, which has a high rate of transmission, directly affects the respiratory system of people. While symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, cough, and fever are common, hospitalization and fatal consequences can be seen in progressive situations. For this reason, the most important issue in combating the epidemic is to detect COVID-19(+) early and isolate those with COVID-19(+) from other people. In addition to the RT-PCR test, those with COVID-19(+) can be detected with imaging methods. In this study, it was aimed to detect COVID-19(+) patients with cough acoustic data, which is one of the important symptoms. Based on these data, features were obtained from traditional feature extraction methods using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Deep features were also obtained using pre-trained ResNet50 and pre-trained MobileNet models. Feature selection was applied to all obtained features with the ReliefF algorithm. In this case, the highest 98.4% accuracy and 98.6% F1-score values were obtained by selecting the EMD + DWT features using ReliefF. In another study in which deep features were used, features obtained from ResNet50 and MobileNet using scalogram images were used. For the features selected using the ReliefF algorithm, the highest performance was found with support vector machines-cubic as 97.8% accuracy and 98.0% F1-score. It has been determined that the features obtained by traditional feature approaches show higher performance than deep features. Among the chaotic measurements, the approximate entropy measurement was determined to be the highest distinguishing feature. According to the results, a highly successful study is presented with cough acoustic data that can easily be obtained from mobile and computer-based applications. We anticipate that this study will be useful as a decision support system in this epidemic period, when it is important to correctly identify even one person.