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Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread tropical infectious disease in the world. It is one of the most important health problem in Iran which is endemic in different parts of country. This study was conducted to determine epidemiological features of CL and distribution of sand fl...

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Autores principales: Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza, Soleimani-Ahmadi, Moussa, Zare, Mehdi, Mirzaei, Hadi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8365509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34430724
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2021.e00220
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author Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza
Soleimani-Ahmadi, Moussa
Zare, Mehdi
Mirzaei, Hadi
author_facet Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza
Soleimani-Ahmadi, Moussa
Zare, Mehdi
Mirzaei, Hadi
author_sort Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread tropical infectious disease in the world. It is one of the most important health problem in Iran which is endemic in different parts of country. This study was conducted to determine epidemiological features of CL and distribution of sand flies in Hajiabad County, one of the important CL foci in southeast of Iran. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to March 2020. All of the suspected CL cases with skin lesions who referred to Hajiabad County health centers and all actively detected patients were clinically and parasitologically examined for CL. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were recorded. Moreover, in this study, sand flies were collected monthly from four typical plain and foothill villages during their active season (May–November) using sticky trap. Sand flies were mounted as permanent microscopic slides, using Puri's medium, and identified by taxonomic keys. Data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software and descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 70 confirmed cases of CL were recorded; the incidence rate of the disease was 101 per 100,000 people. The most infected age group was 0–10 years, with a rate of 64.3%. Males were infected more than females and the majority of cases (85.7%) were recorded from rural areas. Most of the cases had 1 lesion (51.4%) and the most lesions (55.8%) were in upper extremities. During the study period, 832 sand fly specimens comprised of ten species of Sergentomyia and seven of Phlebotomus were collected and identified. The most prevalent species was P. papatasi (47.12%), followed by P. alexandri (8.41%) and P. salehi (6.25%). Among the collected Phlebotomus species, P. papatasi and P. sergenti are known as the primary vectors of CL and P. alexandri, P. salehi, and P. caucasicus, play the main role as the secondary vectors of CL in Iran. CONCLUSION: This study has revealed that CL is endemic in Hajiabad County and there are five CL vectors that are distributed in this County and some of them are more prevalent in plain areas. These findings can be used as a basis for implementation of interventions toward vector control, which may help in suppression of vector density, and consequently, control of CL in the study area.
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spelling pubmed-83655092021-08-23 Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza Soleimani-Ahmadi, Moussa Zare, Mehdi Mirzaei, Hadi Parasite Epidemiol Control Original Research article INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread tropical infectious disease in the world. It is one of the most important health problem in Iran which is endemic in different parts of country. This study was conducted to determine epidemiological features of CL and distribution of sand flies in Hajiabad County, one of the important CL foci in southeast of Iran. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to March 2020. All of the suspected CL cases with skin lesions who referred to Hajiabad County health centers and all actively detected patients were clinically and parasitologically examined for CL. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were recorded. Moreover, in this study, sand flies were collected monthly from four typical plain and foothill villages during their active season (May–November) using sticky trap. Sand flies were mounted as permanent microscopic slides, using Puri's medium, and identified by taxonomic keys. Data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software and descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 70 confirmed cases of CL were recorded; the incidence rate of the disease was 101 per 100,000 people. The most infected age group was 0–10 years, with a rate of 64.3%. Males were infected more than females and the majority of cases (85.7%) were recorded from rural areas. Most of the cases had 1 lesion (51.4%) and the most lesions (55.8%) were in upper extremities. During the study period, 832 sand fly specimens comprised of ten species of Sergentomyia and seven of Phlebotomus were collected and identified. The most prevalent species was P. papatasi (47.12%), followed by P. alexandri (8.41%) and P. salehi (6.25%). Among the collected Phlebotomus species, P. papatasi and P. sergenti are known as the primary vectors of CL and P. alexandri, P. salehi, and P. caucasicus, play the main role as the secondary vectors of CL in Iran. CONCLUSION: This study has revealed that CL is endemic in Hajiabad County and there are five CL vectors that are distributed in this County and some of them are more prevalent in plain areas. These findings can be used as a basis for implementation of interventions toward vector control, which may help in suppression of vector density, and consequently, control of CL in the study area. Elsevier 2021-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8365509/ /pubmed/34430724 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2021.e00220 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Research article
Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza
Soleimani-Ahmadi, Moussa
Zare, Mehdi
Mirzaei, Hadi
Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran
title Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran
title_full Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran
title_fullStr Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran
title_short Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran
title_sort epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of iran
topic Original Research article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8365509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34430724
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2021.e00220
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