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Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescence and is associated with several adverse outcomes. Despite this, few established treatment options exist. Online treatment seems promising for several conditions; however, knowledge on NSSI is scarce. It is important to explore how on...

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Autores principales: Simonsson, Olivia, Engberg, Hedvig, Bjureberg, Johan, Ljótsson, Brjánn, Stensils, Julia, Sahlin, Hanna, Hellner, Clara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JMIR Publications 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367103/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34297001
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17910
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author Simonsson, Olivia
Engberg, Hedvig
Bjureberg, Johan
Ljótsson, Brjánn
Stensils, Julia
Sahlin, Hanna
Hellner, Clara
author_facet Simonsson, Olivia
Engberg, Hedvig
Bjureberg, Johan
Ljótsson, Brjánn
Stensils, Julia
Sahlin, Hanna
Hellner, Clara
author_sort Simonsson, Olivia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescence and is associated with several adverse outcomes. Despite this, few established treatment options exist. Online treatment seems promising for several conditions; however, knowledge on NSSI is scarce. It is important to explore how online treatment for NSSI is experienced to improve such interventions and learn more about factors that are important in the treatment of adolescents with NSSI. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the experiences of a novel online treatment for adolescents with NSSI and their caregivers. METHODS: A qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted through semistructured interviews with 9 adolescents and 11 caregivers at treatment termination or at the 6-month follow-up of the online emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 3 overarching themes were identified. The theme support can come in different shapes showed how support could be attained through both interaction with the therapist as well as through the format itself (such as through the fictional characters in the material and the mobile app). Caregivers found it helpful to have their own online course, and adolescents accepted their involvement. The theme self-responsibility can be empowering as well as distressing showed that self-responsibility was highly appreciated (such as deciding when and how to engage in treatment) but also challenging; it caused occasional distress for some. The theme acquiring new skills and treatment effects showed the advantages and challenges of learning several different emotion regulation skills and that decreased emotion regulation difficulties were important treatment outcomes for adolescents. In addition, several different skills seemed to facilitate emotion regulation, and having access to such skills could hinder NSSI. CONCLUSIONS: Online emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents seems to offer an accepted way to deliver family interventions for this target group; facilitate skills training with several means of support, including support from both the mobile app and the therapist; contribute to decreasing emotion regulation difficulties and teaching skills that could hinder NSSI; and cause (in some individuals) distress because of the self-responsibility that is inherent to online formats, which needs to be addressed.
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spelling pubmed-83671032021-08-24 Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study Simonsson, Olivia Engberg, Hedvig Bjureberg, Johan Ljótsson, Brjánn Stensils, Julia Sahlin, Hanna Hellner, Clara JMIR Form Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescence and is associated with several adverse outcomes. Despite this, few established treatment options exist. Online treatment seems promising for several conditions; however, knowledge on NSSI is scarce. It is important to explore how online treatment for NSSI is experienced to improve such interventions and learn more about factors that are important in the treatment of adolescents with NSSI. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the experiences of a novel online treatment for adolescents with NSSI and their caregivers. METHODS: A qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted through semistructured interviews with 9 adolescents and 11 caregivers at treatment termination or at the 6-month follow-up of the online emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 3 overarching themes were identified. The theme support can come in different shapes showed how support could be attained through both interaction with the therapist as well as through the format itself (such as through the fictional characters in the material and the mobile app). Caregivers found it helpful to have their own online course, and adolescents accepted their involvement. The theme self-responsibility can be empowering as well as distressing showed that self-responsibility was highly appreciated (such as deciding when and how to engage in treatment) but also challenging; it caused occasional distress for some. The theme acquiring new skills and treatment effects showed the advantages and challenges of learning several different emotion regulation skills and that decreased emotion regulation difficulties were important treatment outcomes for adolescents. In addition, several different skills seemed to facilitate emotion regulation, and having access to such skills could hinder NSSI. CONCLUSIONS: Online emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents seems to offer an accepted way to deliver family interventions for this target group; facilitate skills training with several means of support, including support from both the mobile app and the therapist; contribute to decreasing emotion regulation difficulties and teaching skills that could hinder NSSI; and cause (in some individuals) distress because of the self-responsibility that is inherent to online formats, which needs to be addressed. JMIR Publications 2021-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8367103/ /pubmed/34297001 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17910 Text en ©Olivia Simonsson, Hedvig Engberg, Johan Bjureberg, Brjánn Ljótsson, Julia Stensils, Hanna Sahlin, Clara Hellner. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 23.07.2021. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Simonsson, Olivia
Engberg, Hedvig
Bjureberg, Johan
Ljótsson, Brjánn
Stensils, Julia
Sahlin, Hanna
Hellner, Clara
Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study
title Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study
title_full Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study
title_fullStr Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study
title_full_unstemmed Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study
title_short Experiences of an Online Treatment for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study
title_sort experiences of an online treatment for adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury and their caregivers: qualitative study
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367103/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34297001
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17910
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