Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Predisposing to Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Aspergillus is a large group of spore-forming fungi in the phylum Ascomycota. Aspergillus infections more frequently occur in individuals with pre-existing lung conditions such as cystic fibrosis and asthma and immunosuppressed individuals, and less frequently in the immunocompetent population. Pulmonary aspergillosis can be subdivided into three categories: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We present a rare case of a 57-year-old male with a previously known diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma on chemotherapy who was found to have a co-infection of the respiratory tract by Aspergillus flavus and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare.