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Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica

Global bottled water consumption has largely increased (14.35 billion gallons in 2020) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] during the last decade since consumers are demanding healthier and safer forms of rehydration. Bottled water sources are normally labeled as mountainous and pristine mineral springs (fed by...

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Autores principales: Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo, Esquivel-Hernández, Germain, Birkel, Christian, Ortega, Lucía
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34430683
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107277
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author Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo
Esquivel-Hernández, Germain
Birkel, Christian
Ortega, Lucía
author_facet Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo
Esquivel-Hernández, Germain
Birkel, Christian
Ortega, Lucía
author_sort Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo
collection PubMed
description Global bottled water consumption has largely increased (14.35 billion gallons in 2020) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] during the last decade since consumers are demanding healthier and safer forms of rehydration. Bottled water sources are normally labeled as mountainous and pristine mineral springs (fed by rainfall and snow/glacier melting processes), deep groundwater wells or industrial purified water. The advent of numerous international and national-based bottled water brands has simultaneously raised a worldwide awareness related to the water source and chemical content traceability [6]. Here, we present the first database of stable isotope compositions and reported chemical concentrations from imported and national-based bottled waters in Costa Rica. In total, 45 bottled waters produced in Costa Rica and 31 imported from USA, Europe, Oceania, and other countries of Central America were analyzed for δ(18)O, δ(2)H, and d-excess. Chemical compositions were obtained from available bottle labels. National-based bottle waters ranged from -2.47‰ to -10.65‰ in δ(18)O and from -10.4‰ to -78.0‰ in δ(2)H, while d-excess varied from +4.2‰ up to +17.0‰. International bottle waters ranged between -2.21‰ and -11.03‰ in δ(18)O and from -11.3‰ up to -76.0‰ in δ(2)H, while d-excess varied from +5.0‰ up to +19.1‰. In Costa Rica, only 19% of the brands reported chemical parameters such as Na(+), K(+), Ca(+2), Mg(+2), F(−), Cl(−), NO(3)(−), SO(4)(−2), CO(3)(−2), SiO(2), dry residue, and pH; whereas 27% of the international products reported similar parameters. The absence of specific geographic coordinates or water source origin limited a spatial analysis to validate bottled water isotope compositions versus available isoscapes in Costa Rica [7]. This database highlights the potential and relevance of the use of water stable isotope compositions to improve the traceability of bottled water sources and the urgent need of more robust legislation in order to provide detailed information (i.e., water source, chemical composition, purification processes) to the final consumers.
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spelling pubmed-83677952021-08-23 Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo Esquivel-Hernández, Germain Birkel, Christian Ortega, Lucía Data Brief Data Article Global bottled water consumption has largely increased (14.35 billion gallons in 2020) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] during the last decade since consumers are demanding healthier and safer forms of rehydration. Bottled water sources are normally labeled as mountainous and pristine mineral springs (fed by rainfall and snow/glacier melting processes), deep groundwater wells or industrial purified water. The advent of numerous international and national-based bottled water brands has simultaneously raised a worldwide awareness related to the water source and chemical content traceability [6]. Here, we present the first database of stable isotope compositions and reported chemical concentrations from imported and national-based bottled waters in Costa Rica. In total, 45 bottled waters produced in Costa Rica and 31 imported from USA, Europe, Oceania, and other countries of Central America were analyzed for δ(18)O, δ(2)H, and d-excess. Chemical compositions were obtained from available bottle labels. National-based bottle waters ranged from -2.47‰ to -10.65‰ in δ(18)O and from -10.4‰ to -78.0‰ in δ(2)H, while d-excess varied from +4.2‰ up to +17.0‰. International bottle waters ranged between -2.21‰ and -11.03‰ in δ(18)O and from -11.3‰ up to -76.0‰ in δ(2)H, while d-excess varied from +5.0‰ up to +19.1‰. In Costa Rica, only 19% of the brands reported chemical parameters such as Na(+), K(+), Ca(+2), Mg(+2), F(−), Cl(−), NO(3)(−), SO(4)(−2), CO(3)(−2), SiO(2), dry residue, and pH; whereas 27% of the international products reported similar parameters. The absence of specific geographic coordinates or water source origin limited a spatial analysis to validate bottled water isotope compositions versus available isoscapes in Costa Rica [7]. This database highlights the potential and relevance of the use of water stable isotope compositions to improve the traceability of bottled water sources and the urgent need of more robust legislation in order to provide detailed information (i.e., water source, chemical composition, purification processes) to the final consumers. Elsevier 2021-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8367795/ /pubmed/34430683 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107277 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Data Article
Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo
Esquivel-Hernández, Germain
Birkel, Christian
Ortega, Lucía
Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica
title Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica
title_full Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica
title_fullStr Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica
title_full_unstemmed Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica
title_short Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica
title_sort isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in costa rica
topic Data Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34430683
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107277
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