Spatial dynamics and optimization method for a rumor propagation model in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environment

Considering the influence of environmental capacity and forgetting on rumor spreading, we improve the traditional SIR (susceptible–infected–removed) rumor propagation model and give two dynamic models of rumor propagation in heterogeneous environment and homogeneous environment, respectively. The main purpose of this paper is to make a dynamic analysis of rumor propagation models. In the spatial heterogeneous environment, we have analyzed the uniform persistence of the rumor propagation model and the asymptotic behavior of the positive equilibrium point when the diffusion rate of rumor–susceptible tends to zero. In the spatial homogeneous environment, we discuss the stability of rumor propagation model. Further, optimal control and the necessary optimality conditions are obtained by using the maximum principle. Finally, we study the Hopf bifurcation phenomenon through inducing time delay in the reaction–diffusion model. In addition, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is verified and the influence of diffusion coefficients is studied by numerical simulations.