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100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes
Throughout history, up to the early part of the 20th century, diabetes has been a devastating disorder, particularly when diagnosed in childhood when it was usually fatal. Consequently, the successful pancreatic extraction of insulin in 1921 was a miraculous, life-changing advance. In this review, t...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8370559/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34400466 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002373 |
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author | Buse, John B Davies, Melanie J Frier, Brian M Philis-Tsimikas, Athena |
author_facet | Buse, John B Davies, Melanie J Frier, Brian M Philis-Tsimikas, Athena |
author_sort | Buse, John B |
collection | PubMed |
description | Throughout history, up to the early part of the 20th century, diabetes has been a devastating disorder, particularly when diagnosed in childhood when it was usually fatal. Consequently, the successful pancreatic extraction of insulin in 1921 was a miraculous, life-changing advance. In this review, the truly transformative effect that insulin has had on the lives of people with type 1 diabetes and on those with type 2 diabetes who are also dependent on insulin is described, from the time of its first successful use to the present day. We have highlighted in turn how each of the many facets of improvements over the last century, from advancements in the properties of insulin and its formulations to the evolution of different methods of delivery, have led to continued improvement in clinical outcomes, through the use of illustrative stories from history and from our own clinical experiences. This review concludes with a brief look at the current challenges and where the next century of technological innovation in insulin therapy may take us. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8370559 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83705592021-08-31 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes Buse, John B Davies, Melanie J Frier, Brian M Philis-Tsimikas, Athena BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Clinical care/Education/Nutrition Throughout history, up to the early part of the 20th century, diabetes has been a devastating disorder, particularly when diagnosed in childhood when it was usually fatal. Consequently, the successful pancreatic extraction of insulin in 1921 was a miraculous, life-changing advance. In this review, the truly transformative effect that insulin has had on the lives of people with type 1 diabetes and on those with type 2 diabetes who are also dependent on insulin is described, from the time of its first successful use to the present day. We have highlighted in turn how each of the many facets of improvements over the last century, from advancements in the properties of insulin and its formulations to the evolution of different methods of delivery, have led to continued improvement in clinical outcomes, through the use of illustrative stories from history and from our own clinical experiences. This review concludes with a brief look at the current challenges and where the next century of technological innovation in insulin therapy may take us. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8370559/ /pubmed/34400466 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002373 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Clinical care/Education/Nutrition Buse, John B Davies, Melanie J Frier, Brian M Philis-Tsimikas, Athena 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
title | 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
title_full | 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
title_fullStr | 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
title_full_unstemmed | 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
title_short | 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
title_sort | 100 years on: the impact of the discovery of insulin on clinical outcomes |
topic | Clinical care/Education/Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8370559/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34400466 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002373 |
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