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Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases

Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Expression of tumour suppressor genes is suppressed by mutations or epigenetic silencing, whereas for neurodegenerative disease-related genes, nucleic acid-based effects may be presented through loss of protein fu...

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Autores principales: Tateishi-Karimata, Hisae, Sugimoto, Naoki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8373145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34244785
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab580
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author Tateishi-Karimata, Hisae
Sugimoto, Naoki
author_facet Tateishi-Karimata, Hisae
Sugimoto, Naoki
author_sort Tateishi-Karimata, Hisae
collection PubMed
description Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Expression of tumour suppressor genes is suppressed by mutations or epigenetic silencing, whereas for neurodegenerative disease-related genes, nucleic acid-based effects may be presented through loss of protein function due to erroneous protein sequences or gain of toxic function from extended repeat transcripts or toxic peptide production. These diseases are triggered by damaged genes and proteins due to lifestyle and exposure to radiation. Recent studies have indicated that transient, non-canonical structural changes in nucleic acids in response to the environment can regulate the expression of disease-related genes. Non-canonical structures are involved in many cellular functions, such as regulation of gene expression through transcription and translation, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and DNA recombination. Transcripts generated from repeat sequences of neurodegenerative disease-related genes form non-canonical structures that are involved in protein transport and toxic aggregate formation. Intracellular phase separation promotes transcription and protein assembly, which are controlled by the nucleic acid structure and can influence cancer and neurodegenerative disease progression. These findings may aid in elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we review the influence of non-canonical nucleic acid structures in disease-related genes on disease onset and progression.
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spelling pubmed-83731452021-08-19 Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases Tateishi-Karimata, Hisae Sugimoto, Naoki Nucleic Acids Res Survey and Summary Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Expression of tumour suppressor genes is suppressed by mutations or epigenetic silencing, whereas for neurodegenerative disease-related genes, nucleic acid-based effects may be presented through loss of protein function due to erroneous protein sequences or gain of toxic function from extended repeat transcripts or toxic peptide production. These diseases are triggered by damaged genes and proteins due to lifestyle and exposure to radiation. Recent studies have indicated that transient, non-canonical structural changes in nucleic acids in response to the environment can regulate the expression of disease-related genes. Non-canonical structures are involved in many cellular functions, such as regulation of gene expression through transcription and translation, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and DNA recombination. Transcripts generated from repeat sequences of neurodegenerative disease-related genes form non-canonical structures that are involved in protein transport and toxic aggregate formation. Intracellular phase separation promotes transcription and protein assembly, which are controlled by the nucleic acid structure and can influence cancer and neurodegenerative disease progression. These findings may aid in elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we review the influence of non-canonical nucleic acid structures in disease-related genes on disease onset and progression. Oxford University Press 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8373145/ /pubmed/34244785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab580 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Survey and Summary
Tateishi-Karimata, Hisae
Sugimoto, Naoki
Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
title Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
title_full Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
title_fullStr Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
title_full_unstemmed Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
title_short Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
title_sort roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
topic Survey and Summary
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8373145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34244785
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab580
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