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Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges

Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce...

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Autor principal: Haas, Oskar A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8373647/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422788
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.631946
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author Haas, Oskar A.
author_facet Haas, Oskar A.
author_sort Haas, Oskar A.
collection PubMed
description Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce all combinations of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasomic paternal/maternal homologue configurations that define such genomes. A nanotube-mediated influx of interphase cell cytoplasm into mitotic cells would thus be responsible for the critical nondisjunction and segregation errors by physically impeding the proper formation of the cell division machinery, whereas only a complete cell fusion can simultaneously generate pentasomies, uniparental trisomies as well as biclonal hypo- and hyperdiploid cell populations. The term “somatic sex” was devised to accentuate the similarities between germ cell and somatic cell fusions. A somatic cell fusion, in particular, recapitulates many processes that are also instrumental in the formation of an abnormal zygote that involves a diploid oocyte and a haploid sperm, which then may further develop into a digynic triploid embryo. Despite their somehow deceptive differences and consequences, the resemblance of these two routes may go far beyond of what has hitherto been appreciated. Based on the arguments put forward herein, I propose that embryonic malignancies of mesenchymal origin with these particular types of aneuploidies can thus be viewed as the kind of flawed somatic equivalent of a digynic triploid embryo.
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spelling pubmed-83736472021-08-20 Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges Haas, Oskar A. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce all combinations of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasomic paternal/maternal homologue configurations that define such genomes. A nanotube-mediated influx of interphase cell cytoplasm into mitotic cells would thus be responsible for the critical nondisjunction and segregation errors by physically impeding the proper formation of the cell division machinery, whereas only a complete cell fusion can simultaneously generate pentasomies, uniparental trisomies as well as biclonal hypo- and hyperdiploid cell populations. The term “somatic sex” was devised to accentuate the similarities between germ cell and somatic cell fusions. A somatic cell fusion, in particular, recapitulates many processes that are also instrumental in the formation of an abnormal zygote that involves a diploid oocyte and a haploid sperm, which then may further develop into a digynic triploid embryo. Despite their somehow deceptive differences and consequences, the resemblance of these two routes may go far beyond of what has hitherto been appreciated. Based on the arguments put forward herein, I propose that embryonic malignancies of mesenchymal origin with these particular types of aneuploidies can thus be viewed as the kind of flawed somatic equivalent of a digynic triploid embryo. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8373647/ /pubmed/34422788 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.631946 Text en Copyright © 2021 Haas. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Haas, Oskar A.
Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges
title Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges
title_full Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges
title_fullStr Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges
title_full_unstemmed Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges
title_short Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges
title_sort somatic sex: on the origin of neoplasms with chromosome counts in uneven ploidy ranges
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8373647/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422788
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.631946
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