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Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy
RATIONALE: Abnormal functioning of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) systems is proposed to play a role in the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Although results are mixed, previous 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in schizophrenia...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8373725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34146134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05867-y |
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author | Kozhuharova, Petya Diaconescu, Andreea O. Allen, Paul |
author_facet | Kozhuharova, Petya Diaconescu, Andreea O. Allen, Paul |
author_sort | Kozhuharova, Petya |
collection | PubMed |
description | RATIONALE: Abnormal functioning of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) systems is proposed to play a role in the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Although results are mixed, previous 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk samples report these metabolites are altered in comparison to healthy controls. Currently, however, there are few studies of these metabolites in schizotypy samples, a personality dimension associated with the experience of schizophrenia and psychosis-like symptoms. OBJECTIVES: We investigated if GABA and glutamate metabolite concentrations are altered in people with high schizotypy. We also explored the relationship between resilience to stress, GABA metabolite concentrations and schizotypy. METHODS: We used MRS to examine GABA and glutamate levels in the medial prefrontal cortex in people with low and high schizotypy traits as assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Resilience to stress was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS: Compared to individuals with low schizotypy traits, high schizotypy individuals showed lower cortical prefrontal GABA (F (1,38) = 5.18, p = 0.03, η(2) = 0.09) and glutamate metabolite levels (F (1, 49) = 6.25, p = 0.02, η(2) = 0.02). Furthermore, participants with high GABA and high resilience levels were significantly more likely to be in the low schizotypy group than participants with low GABA and high resilience or high GABA and low resilience (95% CI 1.07–1.34, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that subclinical schizotypal traits are associated with abnormal functioning of both inhibitory and excitatory systems and suggest that these transmitters are implicated in a personality trait believed to be on a continuum with psychosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00213-021-05867-y. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8373725 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83737252021-08-31 Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy Kozhuharova, Petya Diaconescu, Andreea O. Allen, Paul Psychopharmacology (Berl) Original Investigation RATIONALE: Abnormal functioning of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) systems is proposed to play a role in the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Although results are mixed, previous 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk samples report these metabolites are altered in comparison to healthy controls. Currently, however, there are few studies of these metabolites in schizotypy samples, a personality dimension associated with the experience of schizophrenia and psychosis-like symptoms. OBJECTIVES: We investigated if GABA and glutamate metabolite concentrations are altered in people with high schizotypy. We also explored the relationship between resilience to stress, GABA metabolite concentrations and schizotypy. METHODS: We used MRS to examine GABA and glutamate levels in the medial prefrontal cortex in people with low and high schizotypy traits as assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Resilience to stress was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS: Compared to individuals with low schizotypy traits, high schizotypy individuals showed lower cortical prefrontal GABA (F (1,38) = 5.18, p = 0.03, η(2) = 0.09) and glutamate metabolite levels (F (1, 49) = 6.25, p = 0.02, η(2) = 0.02). Furthermore, participants with high GABA and high resilience levels were significantly more likely to be in the low schizotypy group than participants with low GABA and high resilience or high GABA and low resilience (95% CI 1.07–1.34, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that subclinical schizotypal traits are associated with abnormal functioning of both inhibitory and excitatory systems and suggest that these transmitters are implicated in a personality trait believed to be on a continuum with psychosis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00213-021-05867-y. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-06-19 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8373725/ /pubmed/34146134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05867-y Text en © Crown 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Investigation Kozhuharova, Petya Diaconescu, Andreea O. Allen, Paul Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy |
title | Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy |
title_full | Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy |
title_fullStr | Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy |
title_full_unstemmed | Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy |
title_short | Reduced cortical GABA and glutamate in high schizotypy |
title_sort | reduced cortical gaba and glutamate in high schizotypy |
topic | Original Investigation |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8373725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34146134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05867-y |
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