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Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy

Background: The containment measures adopted during COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. Aim: We analyzed the modification of the incidence and etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Case...

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Autores principales: Ippolito, Giulio, La Vecchia, Adriano, Umbrello, Giulia, Di Pietro, Giada, Bono, Patrizia, Scalia Catenacci, Stefano, Pinzani, Raffaella, Tagliabue, Claudia, Bosis, Samantha, Agostoni, Carlo, Marchisio, Paola Giovanna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422733
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.721005
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author Ippolito, Giulio
La Vecchia, Adriano
Umbrello, Giulia
Di Pietro, Giada
Bono, Patrizia
Scalia Catenacci, Stefano
Pinzani, Raffaella
Tagliabue, Claudia
Bosis, Samantha
Agostoni, Carlo
Marchisio, Paola Giovanna
author_facet Ippolito, Giulio
La Vecchia, Adriano
Umbrello, Giulia
Di Pietro, Giada
Bono, Patrizia
Scalia Catenacci, Stefano
Pinzani, Raffaella
Tagliabue, Claudia
Bosis, Samantha
Agostoni, Carlo
Marchisio, Paola Giovanna
author_sort Ippolito, Giulio
collection PubMed
description Background: The containment measures adopted during COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. Aim: We analyzed the modification of the incidence and etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Case series of all children under 2 years old hospitalized at a tertiary care Hospital in the Center of Milan, Italy diagnosed with LRTIs in three consecutive winter seasons (from the 1st of November to the last day of February in 2018/2019, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021). We compared the number of hospitalizations and viral detections in the 2020/2021 with the average of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 (pre-COVID-19) using the Poisson distribution. Results: we enrolled 178 patients (66 from 2018/2019, 96 from 2019/2020, 16 from 2020/2021) 94 males (53%) and 84 females (47%), with a median (IQR) age of 5 (2–13) months. The number of hospitalizations during the 2020/2021 season was 80% lower than the average of the pre-COVID-19 seasons (16 vs. 81, p<0.001). Overall, 171 (96%) patient's nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) detected at least one virus (110, 64%, single-detection, 61, 36%, co-detections). In 2020/2021 we observed the disappearance of Respiratory Syncytial virus (0 vs. 54, p < 0.001), Influenza virus (0 vs. 6.5, p = 0.002), Metapneumovirus (0 vs. 8, p < 0.001), Parainfluenza viruses (0 vs. 3.5, p = 0.03) and a significant reduction of Adenovirus (2 vs. 7, p = 0.03), Bocavirus (2 vs. 7.5, p = 0.02) and Enterovirus (1 vs. 5, p = 0.04). No significant difference was found for Rhinoviruses (14 cases vs. 17, p = 0.2), other Coronaviruses (0 vs. 2, p = 0.1), and Cytomegalovirus (1 vs. 1, p = 0.7). Conclusions: We observed a striking reduction in hospitalizations due to LRTIs and a modification of the etiology, with enveloped viruses mainly affected.
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spelling pubmed-83742412021-08-20 Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy Ippolito, Giulio La Vecchia, Adriano Umbrello, Giulia Di Pietro, Giada Bono, Patrizia Scalia Catenacci, Stefano Pinzani, Raffaella Tagliabue, Claudia Bosis, Samantha Agostoni, Carlo Marchisio, Paola Giovanna Front Pediatr Pediatrics Background: The containment measures adopted during COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. Aim: We analyzed the modification of the incidence and etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Case series of all children under 2 years old hospitalized at a tertiary care Hospital in the Center of Milan, Italy diagnosed with LRTIs in three consecutive winter seasons (from the 1st of November to the last day of February in 2018/2019, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021). We compared the number of hospitalizations and viral detections in the 2020/2021 with the average of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 (pre-COVID-19) using the Poisson distribution. Results: we enrolled 178 patients (66 from 2018/2019, 96 from 2019/2020, 16 from 2020/2021) 94 males (53%) and 84 females (47%), with a median (IQR) age of 5 (2–13) months. The number of hospitalizations during the 2020/2021 season was 80% lower than the average of the pre-COVID-19 seasons (16 vs. 81, p<0.001). Overall, 171 (96%) patient's nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) detected at least one virus (110, 64%, single-detection, 61, 36%, co-detections). In 2020/2021 we observed the disappearance of Respiratory Syncytial virus (0 vs. 54, p < 0.001), Influenza virus (0 vs. 6.5, p = 0.002), Metapneumovirus (0 vs. 8, p < 0.001), Parainfluenza viruses (0 vs. 3.5, p = 0.03) and a significant reduction of Adenovirus (2 vs. 7, p = 0.03), Bocavirus (2 vs. 7.5, p = 0.02) and Enterovirus (1 vs. 5, p = 0.04). No significant difference was found for Rhinoviruses (14 cases vs. 17, p = 0.2), other Coronaviruses (0 vs. 2, p = 0.1), and Cytomegalovirus (1 vs. 1, p = 0.7). Conclusions: We observed a striking reduction in hospitalizations due to LRTIs and a modification of the etiology, with enveloped viruses mainly affected. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8374241/ /pubmed/34422733 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.721005 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ippolito, La Vecchia, Umbrello, Di Pietro, Bono, Scalia Catenacci, Pinzani, Tagliabue, Bosis, Agostoni and Marchisio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
Ippolito, Giulio
La Vecchia, Adriano
Umbrello, Giulia
Di Pietro, Giada
Bono, Patrizia
Scalia Catenacci, Stefano
Pinzani, Raffaella
Tagliabue, Claudia
Bosis, Samantha
Agostoni, Carlo
Marchisio, Paola Giovanna
Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy
title Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy
title_full Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy
title_fullStr Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy
title_full_unstemmed Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy
title_short Disappearance of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses in Children Under Two Years Old During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Monocentric Retrospective Study in Milan, Italy
title_sort disappearance of seasonal respiratory viruses in children under two years old during covid-19 pandemic: a monocentric retrospective study in milan, italy
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422733
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.721005
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