Rotational atherectomy in a dire situation: a case report

BACKGROUND: Traditionally rotablation is considered as contraindicated in presence of visible thrombus or dissection. However, clinical situations may force us to undertake rotablation in presence of thrombus or dissection. We report a case of coronary rotablation done successfully in setting of acute thrombotic occlusion over an underlying non-healed dissection. CASE SUMMARY: A non-dilatable lesion in proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery after rotablation with a 1.5 mm burr resulting in non-flow limiting Type A dissection with TIMI3 flow was left on conservative management to allow it to heal. But the patient developed ST-elevation myocardial infarction on the 9th post-intervention day due to thrombotic occlusion of the LAD at the site of dissection. At this time, we were compelled to do rotablation as a lifesaving procedure in presence of both thrombus and underlying dissection with a successful outcome. DISCUSSION: Rotablation in presence of dissection can lead to entrapment of the flap in the rotating burr leading to progression of dissection distally or sometimes there can be subintimal tracking of burr leading to perforation. In thrombotic lesions, rotablation can cause further increase in platelet activation and aggregation by the spinning burr or distal embolization of the thrombotic material promoting slow or no flow. In this unusual case with limited options for achieving successful revascularization, some out of the box steps were taken with all recommended precautions and successful outcome achieved.