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Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative bone and joint disease, which is often clinically manifested as pain, joint swelling, and deformity. Its pathological manifestations are mainly synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of electro...

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Autores principales: Ruan, Anmin, Wang, Qingfu, Ma, Yufeng, Zhang, Dong, Yang, Lili, Wang, Zhongpeng, Xie, Qi, Yin, Yueshan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8375319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34421630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.642178
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author Ruan, Anmin
Wang, Qingfu
Ma, Yufeng
Zhang, Dong
Yang, Lili
Wang, Zhongpeng
Xie, Qi
Yin, Yueshan
author_facet Ruan, Anmin
Wang, Qingfu
Ma, Yufeng
Zhang, Dong
Yang, Lili
Wang, Zhongpeng
Xie, Qi
Yin, Yueshan
author_sort Ruan, Anmin
collection PubMed
description Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative bone and joint disease, which is often clinically manifested as pain, joint swelling, and deformity. Its pathological manifestations are mainly synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EA) on model rabbits with varying degrees of KOA and to study the mechanism of EA on KOA based on the innate immune response. Mild and moderate rabbit KOA models were established using a modified Hluth method, and EA was given to both the mild and moderate model groups. The Lequesne-MG index was used to evaluate the behavioral changes in the rabbits before and after EA treatment. Morphological changes in the synovial membrane and cartilage of each group were observed by H&E staining. The Mankin scoring standard and the Krenn scoring standard were used to score the pathology of the cartilage tissue and synovial tissue, respectively. The inflammatory factors and metalloproteinases were detected in the serum of each group by ELISA. The protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of important elements related to Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response in the synovial tissue were detected by Western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The Lequesne-MG index score of the rabbits gradually increased with the modeling prolonged but decreased significantly after EA treatment, indicating that EA has a better effect on alleviating the pain and improving the dysfunction. The morphological analysis showed that the inflammation of and the damage to the synovial membrane and the cartilage tissue gradually deteriorated with the modeling prolonged. However, the synovial membrane inflammation was significantly relieved after EA treatment, and the cartilage injury showed signs of repair. The ELISA analysis showed that, with the modeling prolonged, the serum-related inflammatory factors and mechanism of metalloproteinases gradually increased but decreased after EA treatment. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase3 (MMP3) of EA1 group were significantly lower than those of EA2 group. Both Western blot and qPCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of the elements related to the innate immune response in the synovial membrane increased gradually with the modeling prolonged, but decreased significantly after EA treatment. Additionally, the expression of some components in EA1 group was significantly lower than that in EA2 group. These results confirm that synovial inflammation gradually aggravated with time from the early to mid-stage of KOA. EA alleviated the inflammation and histological changes in KOA rabbits by inhibiting the TLRs-mediated innate synovial immune response. This suggests that using EA in the early stage of KOA may achieve a desirable efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-83753192021-08-20 Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response Ruan, Anmin Wang, Qingfu Ma, Yufeng Zhang, Dong Yang, Lili Wang, Zhongpeng Xie, Qi Yin, Yueshan Front Physiol Physiology Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative bone and joint disease, which is often clinically manifested as pain, joint swelling, and deformity. Its pathological manifestations are mainly synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EA) on model rabbits with varying degrees of KOA and to study the mechanism of EA on KOA based on the innate immune response. Mild and moderate rabbit KOA models were established using a modified Hluth method, and EA was given to both the mild and moderate model groups. The Lequesne-MG index was used to evaluate the behavioral changes in the rabbits before and after EA treatment. Morphological changes in the synovial membrane and cartilage of each group were observed by H&E staining. The Mankin scoring standard and the Krenn scoring standard were used to score the pathology of the cartilage tissue and synovial tissue, respectively. The inflammatory factors and metalloproteinases were detected in the serum of each group by ELISA. The protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of important elements related to Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response in the synovial tissue were detected by Western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The Lequesne-MG index score of the rabbits gradually increased with the modeling prolonged but decreased significantly after EA treatment, indicating that EA has a better effect on alleviating the pain and improving the dysfunction. The morphological analysis showed that the inflammation of and the damage to the synovial membrane and the cartilage tissue gradually deteriorated with the modeling prolonged. However, the synovial membrane inflammation was significantly relieved after EA treatment, and the cartilage injury showed signs of repair. The ELISA analysis showed that, with the modeling prolonged, the serum-related inflammatory factors and mechanism of metalloproteinases gradually increased but decreased after EA treatment. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase3 (MMP3) of EA1 group were significantly lower than those of EA2 group. Both Western blot and qPCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of the elements related to the innate immune response in the synovial membrane increased gradually with the modeling prolonged, but decreased significantly after EA treatment. Additionally, the expression of some components in EA1 group was significantly lower than that in EA2 group. These results confirm that synovial inflammation gradually aggravated with time from the early to mid-stage of KOA. EA alleviated the inflammation and histological changes in KOA rabbits by inhibiting the TLRs-mediated innate synovial immune response. This suggests that using EA in the early stage of KOA may achieve a desirable efficacy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8375319/ /pubmed/34421630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.642178 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ruan, Wang, Ma, Zhang, Yang, Wang, Xie and Yin. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Ruan, Anmin
Wang, Qingfu
Ma, Yufeng
Zhang, Dong
Yang, Lili
Wang, Zhongpeng
Xie, Qi
Yin, Yueshan
Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response
title Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response
title_full Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response
title_fullStr Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response
title_short Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response
title_sort efficacy and mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment of rabbits with different degrees of knee osteoarthritis: a study based on synovial innate immune response
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8375319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34421630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.642178
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