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Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool

OBJECTIVE: To identify ethnic differences in proportion positive for SARS-CoV-2, and proportion hospitalised, proportion admitted to intensive care and proportion died in hospital with COVID-19 during the first epidemic wave in Wales. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of 76 503 SARS-CoV-2 tests carried o...

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Autores principales: Thomas, Daniel Rh, Orife, Oghogho, Plimmer, Amy, Williams, Christopher, Karani, George, Evans, Meirion R, Longley, Paul, Janiec, Janusz, Saltus, Roiyah, Shankar, Ananda Giri
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8375451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34408047
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048335
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author Thomas, Daniel Rh
Orife, Oghogho
Plimmer, Amy
Williams, Christopher
Karani, George
Evans, Meirion R
Longley, Paul
Janiec, Janusz
Saltus, Roiyah
Shankar, Ananda Giri
author_facet Thomas, Daniel Rh
Orife, Oghogho
Plimmer, Amy
Williams, Christopher
Karani, George
Evans, Meirion R
Longley, Paul
Janiec, Janusz
Saltus, Roiyah
Shankar, Ananda Giri
author_sort Thomas, Daniel Rh
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To identify ethnic differences in proportion positive for SARS-CoV-2, and proportion hospitalised, proportion admitted to intensive care and proportion died in hospital with COVID-19 during the first epidemic wave in Wales. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of 76 503 SARS-CoV-2 tests carried out in Wales to 31 May 2020. Cohort study of 4046 individuals hospitalised with confirmed COVID-19 between 1 March and 31 May. In both analyses, ethnicity was assigned using a name-based classifier. SETTING: Wales (UK). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Admission to an intensive care unit following hospitalisation with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Death within 28 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. RESULTS: Using a name-based ethnicity classifier, we found a higher proportion of black, Asian and ethnic minority people tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR tested positive, compared with those classified as white. Hospitalised black, Asian and minority ethnic cases were younger (median age 53 compared with 76 years; p<0.01) and more likely to be admitted to intensive care. Bangladeshi (adjusted OR (aOR): 9.80, 95% CI 1.21 to 79.40) and ‘white – other than British or Irish’ (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.44) ethnic groups were most likely to be admitted to intensive care unit. In Wales, older age (aOR for over 70 years: 10.29, 95% CI 6.78 to 15.64) and male gender (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.59), but not ethnicity, were associated with death in hospitalised patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the growing evidence that ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. During the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales, although ethnic minority populations were less likely to be tested and less likely to be hospitalised, those that did attend hospital were younger and more likely to be admitted to intensive care. Primary, secondary and tertiary COVID-19 prevention should target ethnic minority communities in Wales.
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spelling pubmed-83754512021-08-20 Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool Thomas, Daniel Rh Orife, Oghogho Plimmer, Amy Williams, Christopher Karani, George Evans, Meirion R Longley, Paul Janiec, Janusz Saltus, Roiyah Shankar, Ananda Giri BMJ Open Epidemiology OBJECTIVE: To identify ethnic differences in proportion positive for SARS-CoV-2, and proportion hospitalised, proportion admitted to intensive care and proportion died in hospital with COVID-19 during the first epidemic wave in Wales. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of 76 503 SARS-CoV-2 tests carried out in Wales to 31 May 2020. Cohort study of 4046 individuals hospitalised with confirmed COVID-19 between 1 March and 31 May. In both analyses, ethnicity was assigned using a name-based classifier. SETTING: Wales (UK). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Admission to an intensive care unit following hospitalisation with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Death within 28 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. RESULTS: Using a name-based ethnicity classifier, we found a higher proportion of black, Asian and ethnic minority people tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR tested positive, compared with those classified as white. Hospitalised black, Asian and minority ethnic cases were younger (median age 53 compared with 76 years; p<0.01) and more likely to be admitted to intensive care. Bangladeshi (adjusted OR (aOR): 9.80, 95% CI 1.21 to 79.40) and ‘white – other than British or Irish’ (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.44) ethnic groups were most likely to be admitted to intensive care unit. In Wales, older age (aOR for over 70 years: 10.29, 95% CI 6.78 to 15.64) and male gender (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.59), but not ethnicity, were associated with death in hospitalised patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the growing evidence that ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. During the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales, although ethnic minority populations were less likely to be tested and less likely to be hospitalised, those that did attend hospital were younger and more likely to be admitted to intensive care. Primary, secondary and tertiary COVID-19 prevention should target ethnic minority communities in Wales. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8375451/ /pubmed/34408047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048335 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Epidemiology
Thomas, Daniel Rh
Orife, Oghogho
Plimmer, Amy
Williams, Christopher
Karani, George
Evans, Meirion R
Longley, Paul
Janiec, Janusz
Saltus, Roiyah
Shankar, Ananda Giri
Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
title Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
title_full Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
title_fullStr Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
title_full_unstemmed Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
title_short Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Wales (UK): an analysis of national surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
title_sort ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised during the first covid-19 epidemic wave in wales (uk): an analysis of national surveillance data using onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
topic Epidemiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8375451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34408047
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048335
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