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Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice
Depression is a common mental disease in bladder cancer patients, leading to a loss of happiness, an increase in the suicide rate, and higher mortality. However, the influence of depression on bladder tumor tissue remains unknown. In this current study, a subcutaneous bladder cancer xenograft model...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8376449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422050 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537523 |
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author | Qian, Zhiyu Ding, Weihong Zhou, Qidong Sun, Chuanyu Xu, Ke |
author_facet | Qian, Zhiyu Ding, Weihong Zhou, Qidong Sun, Chuanyu Xu, Ke |
author_sort | Qian, Zhiyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Depression is a common mental disease in bladder cancer patients, leading to a loss of happiness, an increase in the suicide rate, and higher mortality. However, the influence of depression on bladder tumor tissue remains unknown. In this current study, a subcutaneous bladder cancer xenograft model was established on male C57 mice with mouse bladder cell line MB49. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was established to simulate depression in bladder cancer patients. The depression caused by CUMS was confirmed by testing sucrose preference and plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Then, we measured and weighed tumors to demonstrate the promotion of tumor growth by CUMS. Immune-related cells and molecules were examined to reveal the mechanism. There is a significant decrease of CD8(+)/CD4(+)T cells ratio, NK cells, IL-2, and IFN-γ and a significant increase of T regs, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and PGE2 in CUMS group, indicating the inhibition of immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Our results supported the perspective that depression exacerbated bladder cancer and revealed a possible mechanism. We suggest attaching importance to the psychological health of bladder cancer patients to prevent a worse prognosis induced by depression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8376449 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83764492021-08-20 Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice Qian, Zhiyu Ding, Weihong Zhou, Qidong Sun, Chuanyu Xu, Ke J Oncol Research Article Depression is a common mental disease in bladder cancer patients, leading to a loss of happiness, an increase in the suicide rate, and higher mortality. However, the influence of depression on bladder tumor tissue remains unknown. In this current study, a subcutaneous bladder cancer xenograft model was established on male C57 mice with mouse bladder cell line MB49. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was established to simulate depression in bladder cancer patients. The depression caused by CUMS was confirmed by testing sucrose preference and plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Then, we measured and weighed tumors to demonstrate the promotion of tumor growth by CUMS. Immune-related cells and molecules were examined to reveal the mechanism. There is a significant decrease of CD8(+)/CD4(+)T cells ratio, NK cells, IL-2, and IFN-γ and a significant increase of T regs, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and PGE2 in CUMS group, indicating the inhibition of immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Our results supported the perspective that depression exacerbated bladder cancer and revealed a possible mechanism. We suggest attaching importance to the psychological health of bladder cancer patients to prevent a worse prognosis induced by depression. Hindawi 2021-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8376449/ /pubmed/34422050 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537523 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhiyu Qian et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Qian, Zhiyu Ding, Weihong Zhou, Qidong Sun, Chuanyu Xu, Ke Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice |
title | Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice |
title_full | Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice |
title_fullStr | Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice |
title_short | Depression Induced by CUMS Leads to Bladder Cancer Development and Local Tumor Immunosuppression in Mice |
title_sort | depression induced by cums leads to bladder cancer development and local tumor immunosuppression in mice |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8376449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422050 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537523 |
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