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Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars
Magnesium carbonates have been identified within the landing site of the Perseverance rover mission. This study reviews terrestrial analog environments and textural, mineral assemblage, isotopic, and elemental analyses that have been applied to establish formation conditions of magnesium carbonates....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021je006828 |
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author | Scheller, Eva L. Swindle, Carl Grotzinger, John Barnhart, Holly Bhattacharjee, Surjyendu Ehlmann, Bethany L. Farley, Ken Fischer, Woodward W. Greenberger, Rebecca Ingalls, Miquela Martin, Peter E. Osorio-Rodriguez, Daniela Smith, Ben P. |
author_facet | Scheller, Eva L. Swindle, Carl Grotzinger, John Barnhart, Holly Bhattacharjee, Surjyendu Ehlmann, Bethany L. Farley, Ken Fischer, Woodward W. Greenberger, Rebecca Ingalls, Miquela Martin, Peter E. Osorio-Rodriguez, Daniela Smith, Ben P. |
author_sort | Scheller, Eva L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Magnesium carbonates have been identified within the landing site of the Perseverance rover mission. This study reviews terrestrial analog environments and textural, mineral assemblage, isotopic, and elemental analyses that have been applied to establish formation conditions of magnesium carbonates. Magnesium carbonates form in five distinct settings: ultramafic rock-hosted veins, the matrix of carbonated peridotite, nodules in soil, alkaline lake, and playa deposits, and as diagenetic replacements within lime—and dolostones. Dominant textures include fine-grained or microcrystalline veins, nodules, and crusts. Microbial influences on formation are recorded in thrombolites, stromatolites, crinkly, and pustular laminites, spheroids, and filamentous microstructures. Mineral assemblages, fluid inclusions, and carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and clumped isotopes of carbon and oxygen have been used to determine the sources of carbon, magnesium, and fluid for magnesium carbonates as well as their temperatures of formation. Isotopic signatures in ultramafic rock-hosted magnesium carbonates reveal that they form by either low-temperature meteoric water infiltration and alteration, hydrothermal alteration, or metamorphic processes. Isotopic compositions of lacustrine magnesium carbonate record precipitation from lake water, evaporation processes, and ambient formation temperatures. Assessment of these features with similar analytical techniques applied to returned Martian samples can establish whether carbonates on ancient Mars were formed at high or low temperature conditions in the surface or subsurface through abiotic or biotic processes. The timing of carbonate formation processes could be constrained by (147)Sm-(143)Nd isochron, U-Pb concordia, (207)Pb-(206)Pb isochron radiometric dating as well as (3)He, (21)Ne, (22)Ne, or (36)Ar surface exposure dating of returned Martian magnesium carbonate samples. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8378241 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83782412021-08-20 Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars Scheller, Eva L. Swindle, Carl Grotzinger, John Barnhart, Holly Bhattacharjee, Surjyendu Ehlmann, Bethany L. Farley, Ken Fischer, Woodward W. Greenberger, Rebecca Ingalls, Miquela Martin, Peter E. Osorio-Rodriguez, Daniela Smith, Ben P. J Geophys Res Planets Article Magnesium carbonates have been identified within the landing site of the Perseverance rover mission. This study reviews terrestrial analog environments and textural, mineral assemblage, isotopic, and elemental analyses that have been applied to establish formation conditions of magnesium carbonates. Magnesium carbonates form in five distinct settings: ultramafic rock-hosted veins, the matrix of carbonated peridotite, nodules in soil, alkaline lake, and playa deposits, and as diagenetic replacements within lime—and dolostones. Dominant textures include fine-grained or microcrystalline veins, nodules, and crusts. Microbial influences on formation are recorded in thrombolites, stromatolites, crinkly, and pustular laminites, spheroids, and filamentous microstructures. Mineral assemblages, fluid inclusions, and carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and clumped isotopes of carbon and oxygen have been used to determine the sources of carbon, magnesium, and fluid for magnesium carbonates as well as their temperatures of formation. Isotopic signatures in ultramafic rock-hosted magnesium carbonates reveal that they form by either low-temperature meteoric water infiltration and alteration, hydrothermal alteration, or metamorphic processes. Isotopic compositions of lacustrine magnesium carbonate record precipitation from lake water, evaporation processes, and ambient formation temperatures. Assessment of these features with similar analytical techniques applied to returned Martian samples can establish whether carbonates on ancient Mars were formed at high or low temperature conditions in the surface or subsurface through abiotic or biotic processes. The timing of carbonate formation processes could be constrained by (147)Sm-(143)Nd isochron, U-Pb concordia, (207)Pb-(206)Pb isochron radiometric dating as well as (3)He, (21)Ne, (22)Ne, or (36)Ar surface exposure dating of returned Martian magnesium carbonate samples. 2021-06-22 2021-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8378241/ /pubmed/34422534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021je006828 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Scheller, Eva L. Swindle, Carl Grotzinger, John Barnhart, Holly Bhattacharjee, Surjyendu Ehlmann, Bethany L. Farley, Ken Fischer, Woodward W. Greenberger, Rebecca Ingalls, Miquela Martin, Peter E. Osorio-Rodriguez, Daniela Smith, Ben P. Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars |
title | Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars |
title_full | Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars |
title_fullStr | Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars |
title_full_unstemmed | Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars |
title_short | Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars |
title_sort | formation of magnesium carbonates on earth and implications for mars |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34422534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021je006828 |
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