Association Between Nutritional Indices and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background It is well known that approximately 20% of patients who undergo cardiac surgery experience weight loss in postoperative period. However, there is a lack of data on postoperative consequences of malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material and methods A total of 586 patients who underwent isolated CABG in our center between January 2015 and March 2016 were included in this study. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Patients were divided into two groups based on their MACCE outcomes. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores were used to show the nutritional status. Results The mean follow-up time of the whole study group was 38.08 ± 13.4 months. The follow-up time was 39 ± 13 months in patients with mortality, while it was 20 ± 15 months in those without mortality. The PNI and GNRI values were lower in patients with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) compared to patients without MACCE. The median CONUT score was higher in patients with MACCE. Conclusion Our study showed that nutritional indices including PNI, CONUT, and GNRI were associated with long-term MACCE and mortality in patients who underwent isolated CABG. The use of these scores in order to predict prognosis in patients treated with CABG seems to be an applicable method in clinical practice.