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Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain

Evidence suggests that non-binary people have poorer mental and physical health outcomes, compared with people who identify within the gender binomial (man/woman). Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has been conducted worldwide in the last few months. It has however ove...

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Autores principales: Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza, López-Jiménez, Tomàs, Medina-Perucha, Laura, de Bont, Jeroen, Berenguera, Anna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34415929
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256261
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author Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
López-Jiménez, Tomàs
Medina-Perucha, Laura
de Bont, Jeroen
Berenguera, Anna
author_facet Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
López-Jiménez, Tomàs
Medina-Perucha, Laura
de Bont, Jeroen
Berenguera, Anna
author_sort Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
collection PubMed
description Evidence suggests that non-binary people have poorer mental and physical health outcomes, compared with people who identify within the gender binomial (man/woman). Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has been conducted worldwide in the last few months. It has however overlooked gender diversity. The aim of our study was to explore social and health-related factors associated with mental health (anxiety and depression) among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. A cross-sectional study with online survey, aimed at the population residing in Spain during lockdown, was conducted. Data were collected between the 8(th) of April until the 28(th) of May 2020, the time period when lockdown was implemented in Spain. Mental health was measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale for anxiety, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. The survey included the question: Which sex do you identify with? The options “Man”, “Woman”, “Non-binary” and “I do not identify” were given. People who answered one of the last two options were selected for this study. Multivariate regression logistic models were constructed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic, social and health-related factors, anxiety and depression. Out of the 7125 people who participated in the survey, 72 (1%) identified as non-binary or to not identify with another category. People who do not identify with the man/woman binomial (non-binary/I do not identify) presented high proportions of anxiety (41.7%) and depression (30.6%). Poorer mental health was associated with social-employment variables (e.g., not working before the pandemic) and health-related variables (e.g., poor or regular self-rated health). These findings suggest that social inequities, already experienced by non-binary communities before the pandemic, may deepen due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-83787162021-08-21 Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza López-Jiménez, Tomàs Medina-Perucha, Laura de Bont, Jeroen Berenguera, Anna PLoS One Research Article Evidence suggests that non-binary people have poorer mental and physical health outcomes, compared with people who identify within the gender binomial (man/woman). Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has been conducted worldwide in the last few months. It has however overlooked gender diversity. The aim of our study was to explore social and health-related factors associated with mental health (anxiety and depression) among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. A cross-sectional study with online survey, aimed at the population residing in Spain during lockdown, was conducted. Data were collected between the 8(th) of April until the 28(th) of May 2020, the time period when lockdown was implemented in Spain. Mental health was measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale for anxiety, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. The survey included the question: Which sex do you identify with? The options “Man”, “Woman”, “Non-binary” and “I do not identify” were given. People who answered one of the last two options were selected for this study. Multivariate regression logistic models were constructed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic, social and health-related factors, anxiety and depression. Out of the 7125 people who participated in the survey, 72 (1%) identified as non-binary or to not identify with another category. People who do not identify with the man/woman binomial (non-binary/I do not identify) presented high proportions of anxiety (41.7%) and depression (30.6%). Poorer mental health was associated with social-employment variables (e.g., not working before the pandemic) and health-related variables (e.g., poor or regular self-rated health). These findings suggest that social inequities, already experienced by non-binary communities before the pandemic, may deepen due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Library of Science 2021-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8378716/ /pubmed/34415929 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256261 Text en © 2021 Jacques-Aviñó et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
López-Jiménez, Tomàs
Medina-Perucha, Laura
de Bont, Jeroen
Berenguera, Anna
Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
title Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
title_full Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
title_fullStr Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
title_full_unstemmed Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
title_short Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
title_sort social conditions and mental health during covid-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in spain
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34415929
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256261
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