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Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion

Babesia parasite invades exclusively red blood cell (RBC) in mammalian host and induces alterations to host cell for survival. Despite the importance of Babesia in livestock industry and emerging cases in humans, their basic biology is hampered by lack of suitable biological tools. In this study, we...

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Autores principales: Hakimi, Hassan, Asada, Masahito, Ishizaki, Takahiro, Kawazu, Shinichiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34417510
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96365-w
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author Hakimi, Hassan
Asada, Masahito
Ishizaki, Takahiro
Kawazu, Shinichiro
author_facet Hakimi, Hassan
Asada, Masahito
Ishizaki, Takahiro
Kawazu, Shinichiro
author_sort Hakimi, Hassan
collection PubMed
description Babesia parasite invades exclusively red blood cell (RBC) in mammalian host and induces alterations to host cell for survival. Despite the importance of Babesia in livestock industry and emerging cases in humans, their basic biology is hampered by lack of suitable biological tools. In this study, we aimed to develop a synchronization method for Babesia bovis which causes the most pathogenic form of bovine babesiosis. Initially, we used compound 2 (C2), a specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), and a derivative of C2, ML10. While both inhibitors were able to prevent B. bovis egress from RBC and increased percentage of binary forms, removal of inhibitors from culture did not result in a synchronized egress of parasites. Because using PKG inhibitors alone was not efficient to induce a synchronized culture, we isolated viable and invasive B. bovis merozoites and showed dynamics of merozoite invasion and development in RBCs. Using isolated merozoites we showed that BbVEAP, VESA1-export associated protein, is essential for parasite development in the RBC while has no significant role in invasion. Given the importance of invasion for the establishment of infection, this study paves the way for finding novel antigens to be used in control strategies against bovine babesiosis.
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spelling pubmed-83791522021-08-27 Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion Hakimi, Hassan Asada, Masahito Ishizaki, Takahiro Kawazu, Shinichiro Sci Rep Article Babesia parasite invades exclusively red blood cell (RBC) in mammalian host and induces alterations to host cell for survival. Despite the importance of Babesia in livestock industry and emerging cases in humans, their basic biology is hampered by lack of suitable biological tools. In this study, we aimed to develop a synchronization method for Babesia bovis which causes the most pathogenic form of bovine babesiosis. Initially, we used compound 2 (C2), a specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), and a derivative of C2, ML10. While both inhibitors were able to prevent B. bovis egress from RBC and increased percentage of binary forms, removal of inhibitors from culture did not result in a synchronized egress of parasites. Because using PKG inhibitors alone was not efficient to induce a synchronized culture, we isolated viable and invasive B. bovis merozoites and showed dynamics of merozoite invasion and development in RBCs. Using isolated merozoites we showed that BbVEAP, VESA1-export associated protein, is essential for parasite development in the RBC while has no significant role in invasion. Given the importance of invasion for the establishment of infection, this study paves the way for finding novel antigens to be used in control strategies against bovine babesiosis. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8379152/ /pubmed/34417510 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96365-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Hakimi, Hassan
Asada, Masahito
Ishizaki, Takahiro
Kawazu, Shinichiro
Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
title Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
title_full Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
title_fullStr Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
title_full_unstemmed Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
title_short Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
title_sort isolation of viable babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34417510
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96365-w
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