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Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the type of contraceptives used by women in need of family planning in India and the inequalities associated with that use according to women's age, education, wealth, subnational region of residence and empowerment level. METHODS: Using data from the Indian National Fami...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379729/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34419083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01220-w |
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author | Ewerling, Fernanda McDougal, Lotus Raj, Anita Ferreira, Leonardo Z. Blumenberg, Cauane Parmar, Divya Barros, Aluisio J. D. |
author_facet | Ewerling, Fernanda McDougal, Lotus Raj, Anita Ferreira, Leonardo Z. Blumenberg, Cauane Parmar, Divya Barros, Aluisio J. D. |
author_sort | Ewerling, Fernanda |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the type of contraceptives used by women in need of family planning in India and the inequalities associated with that use according to women's age, education, wealth, subnational region of residence and empowerment level. METHODS: Using data from the Indian National Family and Health Survey-4 (2015–2016), we evaluated the proportion of partnered women aged 15–49 years with demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) with modern contraceptive methods. We also explored the share of each type of contraception [short- (e.g., condom, pill) and long-acting (i.e., IUD) reversible contraceptives and permanent methods] and related inequalities. RESULTS: The majority (71.8%; 95% CI 71.4–72.2) of women in need of contraception were using a modern method, most (76.1%) in the form of female sterilization. Condom and contraceptive pill were the second and third most frequently used methods (11.8% and 8.5%, respectively); only 3.2% reported IUD. There was a nearly linear exchange from short-acting to permanent contraceptive methods as women aged. Women in the poorest wealth quintile had DFPS with modern methods at least 10 percentage points lower than other women. We observed wide geographic variation in DFPS with modern contraceptives, ranging from 23.6% (95% CI 22.1–25.2) in Manipur to 93.6% (95% CI 92.8–94.3) in Andhra Pradesh. Women with more accepting attitudes towards domestic violence and lower levels of social independence had higher DFPS with modern methods but also had higher reliance on permanent methods. Among sterilized women, 43.2% (95% CI 42.7–43.7) were sterilized before age 25, 61.5% (95% CI 61.0–62.1) received monetary compensation for sterilization, and 20.8% (95% CI 20.3–21.3) were not informed that sterilization prevented future pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Indian family planning policy should prioritize women-centered care, making reversible contraceptive methods widely available and promoted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01220-w. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8379729 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83797292021-08-23 Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used Ewerling, Fernanda McDougal, Lotus Raj, Anita Ferreira, Leonardo Z. Blumenberg, Cauane Parmar, Divya Barros, Aluisio J. D. Reprod Health Research OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the type of contraceptives used by women in need of family planning in India and the inequalities associated with that use according to women's age, education, wealth, subnational region of residence and empowerment level. METHODS: Using data from the Indian National Family and Health Survey-4 (2015–2016), we evaluated the proportion of partnered women aged 15–49 years with demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) with modern contraceptive methods. We also explored the share of each type of contraception [short- (e.g., condom, pill) and long-acting (i.e., IUD) reversible contraceptives and permanent methods] and related inequalities. RESULTS: The majority (71.8%; 95% CI 71.4–72.2) of women in need of contraception were using a modern method, most (76.1%) in the form of female sterilization. Condom and contraceptive pill were the second and third most frequently used methods (11.8% and 8.5%, respectively); only 3.2% reported IUD. There was a nearly linear exchange from short-acting to permanent contraceptive methods as women aged. Women in the poorest wealth quintile had DFPS with modern methods at least 10 percentage points lower than other women. We observed wide geographic variation in DFPS with modern contraceptives, ranging from 23.6% (95% CI 22.1–25.2) in Manipur to 93.6% (95% CI 92.8–94.3) in Andhra Pradesh. Women with more accepting attitudes towards domestic violence and lower levels of social independence had higher DFPS with modern methods but also had higher reliance on permanent methods. Among sterilized women, 43.2% (95% CI 42.7–43.7) were sterilized before age 25, 61.5% (95% CI 61.0–62.1) received monetary compensation for sterilization, and 20.8% (95% CI 20.3–21.3) were not informed that sterilization prevented future pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Indian family planning policy should prioritize women-centered care, making reversible contraceptive methods widely available and promoted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01220-w. BioMed Central 2021-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8379729/ /pubmed/34419083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01220-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Ewerling, Fernanda McDougal, Lotus Raj, Anita Ferreira, Leonardo Z. Blumenberg, Cauane Parmar, Divya Barros, Aluisio J. D. Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
title | Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
title_full | Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
title_fullStr | Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
title_full_unstemmed | Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
title_short | Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
title_sort | modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in india: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379729/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34419083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01220-w |
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