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Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe and cigarette smoking dependence are becoming increasingly prevalent forms of addiction globally. This study examined whether cumulative cigarette smoking and cumulative waterpipe smoking are associated with higher dependence on both cigarettes and waterpipe. METHODS: This cros...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34425819 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7 |
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author | Malaeb, Diana Akel, Marwan Sacre, Hala Haddad, Chadia Obeid, Sahar Hallit, Souheil Salameh, Pascale |
author_facet | Malaeb, Diana Akel, Marwan Sacre, Hala Haddad, Chadia Obeid, Sahar Hallit, Souheil Salameh, Pascale |
author_sort | Malaeb, Diana |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Waterpipe and cigarette smoking dependence are becoming increasingly prevalent forms of addiction globally. This study examined whether cumulative cigarette smoking and cumulative waterpipe smoking are associated with higher dependence on both cigarettes and waterpipe. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted between February and April 2020, enrolled 363 participants drawn from all Lebanese districts. The mean age was 29.51 years, 64.8% were females, and 124 (34.2%) exclusive cigarette smokers, 189 (52.1%) exclusive waterpipe smokers, and 50 (13.8%) dual smokers (waterpipe and cigarette). We used the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) as an indicator of decreased autonomy towards nicotine, in addition to the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS11) and the Lebanese Cigarette Dependence scale (LCD). A stepwise linear regression was performed taking the HONC scores due to cigarette and waterpipe smoking, LCD and LWDS-11 scores as dependent variables. RESULTS: The results showed that in the total sample, higher cumulative cigarette smoking (B = 0.005 with a confidence interval of 0.004, 0.006) was significantly associated with higher HONC cigarette scores, whereas higher cumulative waterpipe smoking (B = -0.006 with a confidence interval of − 0.009, − 0.002) was significantly associated with lower HONC cigarette scores. Moreover, higher cumulative waterpipe smoking (B = 0.012 with a confidence interval of 0.009,0.015) was significantly associated with higher HONC waterpipe scores. The results showed that, in both sexes, higher cumulative cigarette smoking was associated with higher HONC cigarette scores and lower HONC waterpipe scores. Furthermore, higher cumulative waterpipe smoking was significantly associated with higher HONC waterpipe scores in both sexes. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the fact that heavy nicotine consumption, related to both the increased frequency and smoking duration, can increase the risk of dependence. It raises the need for strategic plans to minimize and discourage the use of nicotine products in Lebanese community settings. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8381141 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83811412021-08-23 Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults Malaeb, Diana Akel, Marwan Sacre, Hala Haddad, Chadia Obeid, Sahar Hallit, Souheil Salameh, Pascale BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Waterpipe and cigarette smoking dependence are becoming increasingly prevalent forms of addiction globally. This study examined whether cumulative cigarette smoking and cumulative waterpipe smoking are associated with higher dependence on both cigarettes and waterpipe. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted between February and April 2020, enrolled 363 participants drawn from all Lebanese districts. The mean age was 29.51 years, 64.8% were females, and 124 (34.2%) exclusive cigarette smokers, 189 (52.1%) exclusive waterpipe smokers, and 50 (13.8%) dual smokers (waterpipe and cigarette). We used the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) as an indicator of decreased autonomy towards nicotine, in addition to the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS11) and the Lebanese Cigarette Dependence scale (LCD). A stepwise linear regression was performed taking the HONC scores due to cigarette and waterpipe smoking, LCD and LWDS-11 scores as dependent variables. RESULTS: The results showed that in the total sample, higher cumulative cigarette smoking (B = 0.005 with a confidence interval of 0.004, 0.006) was significantly associated with higher HONC cigarette scores, whereas higher cumulative waterpipe smoking (B = -0.006 with a confidence interval of − 0.009, − 0.002) was significantly associated with lower HONC cigarette scores. Moreover, higher cumulative waterpipe smoking (B = 0.012 with a confidence interval of 0.009,0.015) was significantly associated with higher HONC waterpipe scores. The results showed that, in both sexes, higher cumulative cigarette smoking was associated with higher HONC cigarette scores and lower HONC waterpipe scores. Furthermore, higher cumulative waterpipe smoking was significantly associated with higher HONC waterpipe scores in both sexes. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the fact that heavy nicotine consumption, related to both the increased frequency and smoking duration, can increase the risk of dependence. It raises the need for strategic plans to minimize and discourage the use of nicotine products in Lebanese community settings. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7. BioMed Central 2021-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8381141/ /pubmed/34425819 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Malaeb, Diana Akel, Marwan Sacre, Hala Haddad, Chadia Obeid, Sahar Hallit, Souheil Salameh, Pascale Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults |
title | Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults |
title_full | Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults |
title_fullStr | Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults |
title_full_unstemmed | Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults |
title_short | Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults |
title_sort | association between cumulative cigarette and waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in lebanese adults |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34425819 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7 |
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