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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare blood disorder that results in the formation of thrombi in the small blood vessels throughout the body. The two primary forms of TTP are acquired and familial forms. The acquired form usually presents in late childhood or adulthood. Almost 95% of t...

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Autores principales: Chamarti, Karthik, Dar, Khavar, Reddy, Anand, Gundlapalli, Anika, Mourning, Denise, Bajaj, Kelash
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447649
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16619
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author Chamarti, Karthik
Dar, Khavar
Reddy, Anand
Gundlapalli, Anika
Mourning, Denise
Bajaj, Kelash
author_facet Chamarti, Karthik
Dar, Khavar
Reddy, Anand
Gundlapalli, Anika
Mourning, Denise
Bajaj, Kelash
author_sort Chamarti, Karthik
collection PubMed
description Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare blood disorder that results in the formation of thrombi in the small blood vessels throughout the body. The two primary forms of TTP are acquired and familial forms. The acquired form usually presents in late childhood or adulthood. Almost 95% of the cases are due to an autoantibody directed against ADAMTS13, and the remaining 5% are due to drugs like ticlopidine, quinine, cyclosporine, gemcitabine, bevacizumab, and certain recreational drugs like ecstasy and cocaine. The familial forms present in infancy or early childhood, but sometimes they can present later in life. Management for acquired forms includes therapeutic plasma exchange and immunosuppressive agents. While for the hereditary forms, the mainstay of treatment is plasma infusion. We present a case of an 80-year-old male with a known medical history of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, gout, iron deficiency anemia, and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) vaccine administered two weeks before presentation to the ER for evaluation of generalized weakness and malaise. Laboratory findings showed severe anemia with hemoglobin of 4.8 g/dl, platelet count of 48 x 10^3/mcL, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased haptoglobin, and peripheral smear showing schistocytes. The serum creatinine, total bilirubin, and troponin were elevated. All these findings were raising concern for presumptive diagnosis of TTP, which was confirmed with ADAMTS13 levels less than 10%. TTP was temporarily resolved in 10 days with plasma exchange therapy and high-dose corticosteroids. It is difficult at this time to differentiate vaccine‐induced TTP from coincidental TTP presenting soon after vaccination. Further studies would be needed to understand better if this relationship between vaccination and TTP was coincidental or causal.
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spelling pubmed-83814402021-08-25 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances Chamarti, Karthik Dar, Khavar Reddy, Anand Gundlapalli, Anika Mourning, Denise Bajaj, Kelash Cureus Internal Medicine Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare blood disorder that results in the formation of thrombi in the small blood vessels throughout the body. The two primary forms of TTP are acquired and familial forms. The acquired form usually presents in late childhood or adulthood. Almost 95% of the cases are due to an autoantibody directed against ADAMTS13, and the remaining 5% are due to drugs like ticlopidine, quinine, cyclosporine, gemcitabine, bevacizumab, and certain recreational drugs like ecstasy and cocaine. The familial forms present in infancy or early childhood, but sometimes they can present later in life. Management for acquired forms includes therapeutic plasma exchange and immunosuppressive agents. While for the hereditary forms, the mainstay of treatment is plasma infusion. We present a case of an 80-year-old male with a known medical history of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, gout, iron deficiency anemia, and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) vaccine administered two weeks before presentation to the ER for evaluation of generalized weakness and malaise. Laboratory findings showed severe anemia with hemoglobin of 4.8 g/dl, platelet count of 48 x 10^3/mcL, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased haptoglobin, and peripheral smear showing schistocytes. The serum creatinine, total bilirubin, and troponin were elevated. All these findings were raising concern for presumptive diagnosis of TTP, which was confirmed with ADAMTS13 levels less than 10%. TTP was temporarily resolved in 10 days with plasma exchange therapy and high-dose corticosteroids. It is difficult at this time to differentiate vaccine‐induced TTP from coincidental TTP presenting soon after vaccination. Further studies would be needed to understand better if this relationship between vaccination and TTP was coincidental or causal. Cureus 2021-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8381440/ /pubmed/34447649 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16619 Text en Copyright © 2021, Chamarti et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Chamarti, Karthik
Dar, Khavar
Reddy, Anand
Gundlapalli, Anika
Mourning, Denise
Bajaj, Kelash
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances
title Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances
title_full Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances
title_fullStr Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances
title_full_unstemmed Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances
title_short Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presentation in an Elderly Gentleman Following COVID Vaccine Circumstances
title_sort thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura presentation in an elderly gentleman following covid vaccine circumstances
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447649
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16619
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