Bactericidal Effect of a Novel Alkaline EDTA Root Canal Cleaning Solution

Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effect and cytotoxicity of an ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA)-based root canal irrigant solution capable of efficiently removing both the organic matter and the smear layer. We prepared a strong alkaline EDTA (AE) solution with an acid buffer capacity similar to that of sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods AE was used at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The bactericidal effect of AE on Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by determining the colony number and biofilm removal rate. Biofilms were visualized using a Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit. Viability of AE-treated cells were determined using a CCK-8 cell counting assay. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance followed by a Dunnett’s multiple comparison test were used for comparisons among groups. Results Significant reduction in cell viability and biofilm formation were observed in case of 3% and 2% AE. AE exerted bactericidal effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Damage of normal human fibroblasts was not observed at any of the AE concentrations. Conclusions Our results suggest that the AE solution could be used as an effective canal irrigant for the removal of bacterial biofilm.