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Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity

[Image: see text] Materials that are capable of actuation in response to a variety of external stimuli are of significant interest for applications in sensors, soft robotics, and biomedical devices. Here, we present a class of actuators using composites based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity...

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Autores principales: Polak-Kraśna, Katarzyna, Tian, Mi, Rochat, Sébastien, Gathercole, Nicholas, Yuan, Chenggang, Hao, Zhe, Pan, Min, Burrows, Andrew D., Mays, Timothy J., Bowen, Chris R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2021
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8383273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34476398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01215
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author Polak-Kraśna, Katarzyna
Tian, Mi
Rochat, Sébastien
Gathercole, Nicholas
Yuan, Chenggang
Hao, Zhe
Pan, Min
Burrows, Andrew D.
Mays, Timothy J.
Bowen, Chris R.
author_facet Polak-Kraśna, Katarzyna
Tian, Mi
Rochat, Sébastien
Gathercole, Nicholas
Yuan, Chenggang
Hao, Zhe
Pan, Min
Burrows, Andrew D.
Mays, Timothy J.
Bowen, Chris R.
author_sort Polak-Kraśna, Katarzyna
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] Materials that are capable of actuation in response to a variety of external stimuli are of significant interest for applications in sensors, soft robotics, and biomedical devices. Here, we present a class of actuators using composites based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM). By adding an activated carbon (AX21) filler to a PIM, the composite exhibits repeatable actuation upon solvent evaporation and wetting and it is possible to achieve highly controlled three-dimensional actuation. Curled composite actuators are shown to open upon exposure to a solvent and close as a result of solvent evaporation. The degree of curling and actuation is controlled by adjusting the amount of filler and evaporation rate of the solvent casting process, while the actuation speed is controlled by adjusting the type of solvent. The range of forces and actuation speed produced by the composite is demonstrated using acetone, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. The maximum contractile stress produced upon solvent desorption in the pure PIM polymer reached 12 MPa, with an ultimate force over 20 000 times the weight of a sample. This form of the composite actuator is insensitive to humidity and water, which makes it applicable in an aqueous environment, and can survive a wide range of temperatures. These characteristics make it a promising actuator for the diverse range of operating conditions in robotic and medical applications. The mechanism of actuation is discussed, which is based on the asymmetric distribution of the carbon filler particles that leads to a bilayer structure and the individual layers expand and contract differently in response to solvent wetting and evaporation, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the actuator as a potential drug delivery vehicle, with capacity for encapsulating two kinds of drugs and reduced drug leakage in comparison to existing technologies.
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spelling pubmed-83832732021-08-31 Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity Polak-Kraśna, Katarzyna Tian, Mi Rochat, Sébastien Gathercole, Nicholas Yuan, Chenggang Hao, Zhe Pan, Min Burrows, Andrew D. Mays, Timothy J. Bowen, Chris R. ACS Appl Polym Mater [Image: see text] Materials that are capable of actuation in response to a variety of external stimuli are of significant interest for applications in sensors, soft robotics, and biomedical devices. Here, we present a class of actuators using composites based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM). By adding an activated carbon (AX21) filler to a PIM, the composite exhibits repeatable actuation upon solvent evaporation and wetting and it is possible to achieve highly controlled three-dimensional actuation. Curled composite actuators are shown to open upon exposure to a solvent and close as a result of solvent evaporation. The degree of curling and actuation is controlled by adjusting the amount of filler and evaporation rate of the solvent casting process, while the actuation speed is controlled by adjusting the type of solvent. The range of forces and actuation speed produced by the composite is demonstrated using acetone, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. The maximum contractile stress produced upon solvent desorption in the pure PIM polymer reached 12 MPa, with an ultimate force over 20 000 times the weight of a sample. This form of the composite actuator is insensitive to humidity and water, which makes it applicable in an aqueous environment, and can survive a wide range of temperatures. These characteristics make it a promising actuator for the diverse range of operating conditions in robotic and medical applications. The mechanism of actuation is discussed, which is based on the asymmetric distribution of the carbon filler particles that leads to a bilayer structure and the individual layers expand and contract differently in response to solvent wetting and evaporation, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the actuator as a potential drug delivery vehicle, with capacity for encapsulating two kinds of drugs and reduced drug leakage in comparison to existing technologies. American Chemical Society 2021-01-06 2021-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8383273/ /pubmed/34476398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01215 Text en © 2021 American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Polak-Kraśna, Katarzyna
Tian, Mi
Rochat, Sébastien
Gathercole, Nicholas
Yuan, Chenggang
Hao, Zhe
Pan, Min
Burrows, Andrew D.
Mays, Timothy J.
Bowen, Chris R.
Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity
title Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_full Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_fullStr Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_full_unstemmed Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_short Solvent Sorption-Induced Actuation of Composites Based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_sort solvent sorption-induced actuation of composites based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8383273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34476398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01215
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