Resveratrol reduces the progression of titanium particle-induced osteolysis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro

As an activator of sirtuin 1, resveratrol has become an extensively reviewed anti-inflammatory and anti-aging drug in recent years, and it has been widely studied for the treatment of energy control and endocrine diseases. The present study attempted to characterize the role of resveratrol in osteolysis induced by titanium (Ti) alloy particles and Ti pins in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with Ti alloy particles to simulate osteolysis. Cell viability and the expression levels of proteins associated with osteogenesis and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 and transcription factor 4, were increased following treatment with resveratrol after 21 days of osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, a Ti pin model in C57BL/6J mice was used to study the anti-osteolysis effect of resveratrol on the peri-prosthetic bone. The pulling force of the Ti alloy pin was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the resveratrol groups compared with the control group. Furthermore, the results of micro-CT scanning revealed that the bone volume and the bone surface/volume ratio in the periprosthetic tissue were increased in the resveratrol-treated groups, particularly in the high-dose resveratrol group. In addition, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Runx2 expression was upregulated in the high-dose resveratrol group. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that resveratrol may inhibit Ti particle-induced osteolysis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.