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Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial

Introduction: Although, attempts to apply virtual reality (VR) in mental healthcare are rapidly increasing, it is still unclear whether VR relaxation can reduce stress more than conventional biofeedback. Methods: Participants consisted of 83 healthy adult volunteers with high stress, which was defin...

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Autores principales: Kim, Hyewon, Kim, Dong Jun, Kim, Seonwoo, Chung, Won Ho, Park, Kyung-Ah, Kim, James D. K., Kim, Dowan, Kim, Min Ji, Kim, Kiwon, Jeon, Hong Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614539
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author Kim, Hyewon
Kim, Dong Jun
Kim, Seonwoo
Chung, Won Ho
Park, Kyung-Ah
Kim, James D. K.
Kim, Dowan
Kim, Min Ji
Kim, Kiwon
Jeon, Hong Jin
author_facet Kim, Hyewon
Kim, Dong Jun
Kim, Seonwoo
Chung, Won Ho
Park, Kyung-Ah
Kim, James D. K.
Kim, Dowan
Kim, Min Ji
Kim, Kiwon
Jeon, Hong Jin
author_sort Kim, Hyewon
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Although, attempts to apply virtual reality (VR) in mental healthcare are rapidly increasing, it is still unclear whether VR relaxation can reduce stress more than conventional biofeedback. Methods: Participants consisted of 83 healthy adult volunteers with high stress, which was defined as a score of 20 or more on the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). This study used an open, randomized, crossover design with baseline, stress, and relaxation phases. During the stress phase, participants experienced an intentionally generated shaking VR and serial-7 subtraction. For the relaxation phase, participants underwent a randomly assigned relaxation session on day 1 among VR relaxation and biofeedack, and the other type of relaxation session was applied on day 2. We compared the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X1 (STAI-X1), STAI-X2, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and physiological parameters including heart rate variability (HRV) indexes in the stress and relaxation phases. Results: A total of 74 participants were included in the analyses. The median age of participants was 39 years, STAI-X1 was 47.27 (SD = 9.92), and NRS was 55.51 (SD = 24.48) at baseline. VR and biofeedback significantly decreased STAI-X1 and NRS from the stress phase to the relaxation phase, while the difference of effect between VR and biofeedback was not significant. However, there was a significant difference in electromyography, LF/HF ratio, LF total, and NN50 between VR relaxation and biofeedback. Conclusion: VR relaxation was effective in reducing subjectively reported stress in individuals with high stress.
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spelling pubmed-83842552021-08-25 Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial Kim, Hyewon Kim, Dong Jun Kim, Seonwoo Chung, Won Ho Park, Kyung-Ah Kim, James D. K. Kim, Dowan Kim, Min Ji Kim, Kiwon Jeon, Hong Jin Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Introduction: Although, attempts to apply virtual reality (VR) in mental healthcare are rapidly increasing, it is still unclear whether VR relaxation can reduce stress more than conventional biofeedback. Methods: Participants consisted of 83 healthy adult volunteers with high stress, which was defined as a score of 20 or more on the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). This study used an open, randomized, crossover design with baseline, stress, and relaxation phases. During the stress phase, participants experienced an intentionally generated shaking VR and serial-7 subtraction. For the relaxation phase, participants underwent a randomly assigned relaxation session on day 1 among VR relaxation and biofeedack, and the other type of relaxation session was applied on day 2. We compared the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X1 (STAI-X1), STAI-X2, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and physiological parameters including heart rate variability (HRV) indexes in the stress and relaxation phases. Results: A total of 74 participants were included in the analyses. The median age of participants was 39 years, STAI-X1 was 47.27 (SD = 9.92), and NRS was 55.51 (SD = 24.48) at baseline. VR and biofeedback significantly decreased STAI-X1 and NRS from the stress phase to the relaxation phase, while the difference of effect between VR and biofeedback was not significant. However, there was a significant difference in electromyography, LF/HF ratio, LF total, and NN50 between VR relaxation and biofeedback. Conclusion: VR relaxation was effective in reducing subjectively reported stress in individuals with high stress. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8384255/ /pubmed/34447320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614539 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kim, Kim, Kim, Chung, Park, Kim, Kim, Kim, Kim and Jeon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Kim, Hyewon
Kim, Dong Jun
Kim, Seonwoo
Chung, Won Ho
Park, Kyung-Ah
Kim, James D. K.
Kim, Dowan
Kim, Min Ji
Kim, Kiwon
Jeon, Hong Jin
Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
title Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
title_full Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
title_fullStr Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
title_short Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
title_sort effect of virtual reality on stress reduction and change of physiological parameters including heart rate variability in people with high stress: an open randomized crossover trial
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614539
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